Talha bin Ubaid Allah al-Taymi al-Qurashi
One of the ten promised Paradise, one of the first to convert to Islam, and one of the six Shura Companions chosen by Omar bin Al-Khattab to choose the Caliph after him. The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of God be upon him, said that he was a martyr walking on the face of the earth, and he said: “Whoever is pleased to look at a martyr walking on the face of the earth, let him look at Talha bin Ubaidullah.”
He converted to Islam early, so he was one of the eight who preceded to Islam. He immigrated to Yathrib, which was later called Medina. He participated in all the battles in the Prophet’s era except the Battle of Badr, where he was in the Levant. He was among those who defended the Prophet Muhammad in the Battle of Uhud until his hand was paralyzed, and he remained that way. Until he died. Omar bin Al-Khattab included him among the six companions of the Shura Council that he mentioned for the caliphate after him, and he said: “They are the ones with whom the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, died and he was satisfied with them.
” After the killing of Othman bin Affan, he went out to Basra demanding retribution from the killers of Othman, and he was killed in the Battle of the Camel. He was killed in Rajab. In the year thirty-six of the Hijra, he was sixty-four years old, and it was said that he was sixty-two years old. Talha had eleven sons and four daughters, and he used to name his sons after the prophets, including Muhammad bin Talha al-Sajjad, Imran bin Talha, Musa bin Talha, Isa bin Talha, and others.
The beginning of his life
He is: Talha bin Ubaidullah bin Uthman bin Amr bin Kaab bin Saad bin Taim bin Murrah bin Kaab bin Luay bin Ghalib bin Fahr bin Malik bin Al-Nadr bin Kinana bin Khuzaymah bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Ma’ad bin Adnan.
His mother: Al-Sa'bah bint Abdullah bin Imad bin Malik bin Rabi'ah bin Akbar bin Malik bin Awif bin Malik bin Al-Khazraj bin Iyad bin Al-Saddaf bin Hadhramaut bin Kindah, and she was the sister of the companion Al-Alaa bin Al-Hadrami, and her mother was Atika bint Wahb bin Abd bin Qusayy bin Kilab. Wahb bin Abdul, the owner of Al-Rafada, without all of the Quraysh, and her father was known as Abdullah in Al-Hadrami. She is called Bint Al-Hadrami.
Ibn Hazm mentioned that he had several brothers, including:
Othman bin Ubaidullah, fathered Abdul Rahman bin Othman, who was killed with Abdullah bin Al-Zubair.
Malik bin Ubaidullah, gave birth to Othman bin Malik, who was killed by Suhaib Al-Rumi in the Battle of Badr in the ranks of the Quraysh.
He is the cousin of Ubayd Allah bin Muammar al-Taimi, the governor of Basra, and his lineage meets Abu Bakr al-Siddiq in Amer bin Kaab bin Saad, as they are both from Bani Taim, and they also meet in the lineage of the Prophet Muhammad in Murrah bin Kaab.
His upbringing
Talha was born in Mecca twenty-eight years before the Hijra, based on the saying that he died when he was sixty-four years old, or twenty-six years before the Hijra, based on the saying that he died when he was sixty-two years old. Talha Adam had a lot of hair, a good face, and a white tending to red. Ibn Mandah said: “He was a man of Adam, with a lot of hair, not curly or curly, with a good face. He walked faster and did not change his hair.” And on the authority of Musa bin Talha, he said. “My father was white and looked to be red, square, and closer to shortness. He was broad-chested, far between the shoulders, and had huge feet. When he turned, he turned around.”
His conversion to Islam
Talha bin Ubaidullah was one of the first predecessors, and one of the eight who came before Islam, as he was one of those who converted to Islam at the hands of Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq. Ibn Ishaq said: “So I converted to Islam at his hands - meaning Abu Bakr - from what I was informed of: Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam and Uthman bin Affan. Talha bin Ubaid Allah, Saad, and Abd al-Rahman bin Awf, so they set off until they came to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and Abu Bakr was with them, so he showed He concerned them with Islam, and he recited the Qur’an to them, and informed them of the truth of Islam, and of the honor that God had promised them, so they believed and began to acknowledge the truth of Islam. So these were The eight people who came first to Islam, prayed and believed the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and believed in what came from God.”
Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Talha narrates the story of his grandfather’s conversion to Islam, saying:
Talha bin Ubaidullah said: I attended the Busra market, and there was a monk in his cell saying: Ask the people of this season, is there anyone among them from the people of the Sanctuary? Talha said: I said: Yes, I am. He said: Has Ahmed appeared yet? He said: I said: Who is Ahmed? He said: Ibn Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib. This is his month in which he will emerge, and he is the last of the prophets. He will leave the Sanctuary and migrate to palm trees, a desert, and marshes, so beware of running ahead of him. Talha said: What he said fell into my heart, so I left quickly until I reached Mecca, so I said: Was there an incident? ? They said: Yes, Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Amin prophesied, and Ibn Abi Quhafa followed him. He said, so I went out until I entered upon Abu Bakr, and said: Did you follow this man? He said: Yes, so go to him and enter him and follow him, for he calls to the truth. So Talha told him what the monk said, so Abu Bakr went out with Talha and brought him to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace.
Talha converted to Islam and told the Messenger of God what the monk said, and the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, was pleased with that. When Abu Bakr and Talha bin Ubaidullah converted to Islam, Nawfal bin Khuwailid bin Al Adawiya took them and tied them with one rope and did not stop them. Banu Taim, and Nawfal bin Khuwaylid was called the Lion of Quraysh, which is why Abu Bakr and Talha al-Qarinayn were named. Talha bin Ubaidullah
When Talha converted to Islam, the Prophet made a brotherhood between him and Al-Zubayr ibn Al-Awwam in Mecca before the migration to Medina. Talha did not migrate to Abyssinia because he was one of the elders of Quraysh, and he did not suffer the kind of torment that befell the weak Muslims, so he did not need to migrate to Abyssinia. Likewise, Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, as they were from Bani Taim, which is a large and powerful tribe.
He migrated to the city
Talha migrated to Medina after the migration of the Prophet Muhammad, where he was engaged in trade in the Levant. On his way back to Mecca, he met the Prophet and Abu Bakr on their way to Yathrib. He clothed them with clothes from the Levant. Then he returned to Mecca and took the family of Abu Bakr and left as immigrants to Medina. On the authority of Saad bin Abi Waqqas, he said: “When the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, traveled from Kharar in his migration to Medina, the next day, Talha bin Ubaid Allah, coming from the Levant, met him. In Ir, the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, clothed Abu Bakr with clothes from the Levant, and the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, reported that from The Muslims had delayed the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and so the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, hastened their journey, and Talha went on to Mecca until he had finished his need, then... After that, he went with the family of Abu Bakr, and he was the one who brought them to Medina.”
When Talha ibn Ubaidullah migrated to Medina, he descended upon Asaad ibn Zurarah, and the Prophet made brotherhood between him and Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, which is the most famous saying. It was said that it was between him and Ka’b ibn Malik, and it was said that it was between him and Sa’id ibn Zaid, and it was said that it was between him and Ubay ibn Ka’b ibn Qays. It was narrated that the Prophet Muhammad chose the place of his home for him. On the authority of Ubaid Allah bin Abdullah bin Utbah, he said: “The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, made Talha the place of his home.”
His conquests during the Prophet’s era
Talha participated in all the battles and scenes except the Battle of Badr, where the Prophet Muhammad sent him in the clan battle before the Battle of Badr to inspect the caravan of Quraysh from the Levant. It was said: “The Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, sent a company of ten, including Talha, and he said: Your banner, O ten.” Yes Talha performed well in the Battle of Uhud, participated in the Battle of the Trench, attended the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, and pledged allegiance to Al-Ridwan. On the authority of Musa bin Talha, on the authority of his father Talha, he said: “The Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, named me on the Day of Uhud Talhah Al-Khair, on the Day of Hardship Talha Al-Fayyad, and on the Day of Hunayn Talhah Al-Jawd.”
Battle of Badr
Talha did not witness the Battle of Badr, but the Prophet Muhammad shot him with an arrow. There was disagreement about the reason for his absence from the battle. Al-Zubair bin Bakkar said that he was trading in the Levant when the battle took place, while Al-Waqidi and others - which is the most famous - said that the Prophet Muhammad sent him with Saeed bin Zaid to expect news. The Quraysh terrorized the caravan from the Levant, so they left until they reached Al-Hawraa, and they remained there until the caravan passed them, but the Prophet Muhammad received the news before Talha and Saeed returned to him, so he called out for his companions and prepared an army to meet the caravan, but the caravan was able to escape, and then Talha bin Ubaid Allah and Saeed returned.
Bin Zaid to Medina to inform the Prophet about the news of the caravan. They did not know of his departure, so they came to Medina on the day the battle took place between the Muslims and the Quraish at Badr. They left Medina and the Prophet met him as he was leaving Badr. Talha and Saeed did not witness the Battle of Badr, so the Prophet struck them with their arrows and their rewards in the Battle of Badr, so they were as if they had witnessed it. On the authority of Musa bin Uqba, he said: “Talha bin Ubaidullah came from the Levant, after the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, returned from Badr. He spoke to the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, about his share, and he said: You have a good time. Mek, he said: And run, O Messenger of God? He said: And your reward.
The Battle of Uhud
Talha bin Ubaidullah witnessed the Battle of Uhud with the Prophet Muhammad, and he was among those who remained steadfast with him at that time when he led the people, pledging his allegiance to him on death row, and defending him until his hand was paralyzed. When he led the people, there were twelve men with the Prophet Muhammad, and Talha was among them, so a group of the Quraish army destroyed them. You want to kill the Prophet Muhammad, so the Prophet Muhammad said: “Who is for the people?” Talha said: “I.” The Prophet refused to let Talha go out to them and said to him: “As you are.” A man said: “I,” and he said: “You.” He fought until he was killed, then he said: “Who are they?” Talha said: “I am.” He said: “As you are.” A man from the Ansar said: “I am.” He said: “You.” So he fought until he was killed, and he continued like that until no one remained with the Prophet Muhammad except Talha. He said: “Whoever For the people? Talha said: “I am.” Jabir bin Abdullah says: “So Talha fought like the eleven fighters until his fingers were cut off, and he said: He felt it. Then the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said: If you had said in the name of God, the angels would raise you up while the people were watching.” Then God repelled the polytheists.”
During Talha's defense of the Prophet Muhammad, Malik bin Zuhair threw an arrow, and Talha avoided the arrow with his hand from the face of the Prophet Muhammad. It struck his hand and paralyzed him, and he was injured in the head. A man from the Quraysh struck him twice, once as he was approaching and once as he was turning away from him, and blood bled from it, so Dirar bin Al-Khattab bin Mardas Al-Fihri says: “By God, I struck him that day.”
The Prophet’s nose and quads were injured, and Talha was struck many times until it was said that they were about seventy-five or thirty-seven blows. On the authority of Musa bin Talha: “Talha returned that day with seventy-five or thirty-seven blows, in which his forehead was squared, his forelock was cut, and his finger next to the thumb was paralyzed.” The Prophet Muhammad wanted to climb on a rock, and he was visible between two shields, but he could not get up, so Talha carried him on his back to the rock, and the Prophet Muhammad said: “Talha must.” After the battle ended, Talha had fainted and fainted, so the Prophet ordered Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and Abu Ubaidah ibn He healed Talha’s condition and patched up his wounds. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq says:
During the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs
When the Prophet Muhammad died, Talha was one of those who pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, and lived with him under his rule. Talha objected to Abu Bakr appointing Omar ibn al-Khattab as successor after him, as he believed that Omar was harsh in his dealings with people, so he went to Abu Bakr and said to him: “You have appointed me as successor.” Omar is upon the people, and you have seen what people do to him while you are with him, so what about him when he is alone with them, and you are meeting your Lord and He will ask you about your subjects?” So Abu Bakr sat - and he was lying down. -, And he said to Talha: “Is it by God that will separate me, or by God that will make me afraid, when I meet God, my Lord?” He asked me, and I said: I have appointed the best of your family as your successor.
Shura after the death of Omar
Talha was one of the six people who chose the Shura Council who chose the Caliph after Omar Ibn Al-Khattab. When Omar Ibn Al-Khattab was stabbed and near his death, he recommended that the matter be a Shura Council after him regarding six of those whom the Prophet Muhammad died with whom he was satisfied with, and they were: Othman Ibn Affan, Ali Ibn Abi Talib, and Talha. Bin Ubaidullah, Al-Zubair bin Al-Awwam, Abdul Rahman bin Awf, and Saad bin Abi Waqqas. He refused to name one of them himself, and ordered them to meet in one of them’s house and consult. He also ordered the presence of his son Abdullah bin Omar with the people of the Shura Council to advise him without having anything to do with the matter.
Then he recommended Suhaib bin Sinan to lead the Muslims in prayer for three days until the Shura Council ended. Omar bin Al-Khattab died three days after he was stabbed, and was buried on Sunday, the first of Muharram in the year 24 AH, corresponding to the year 644 AD, in the Prophet’s Chamber next to Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq and the Prophet Muhammad. He was sixty-five years old. His caliphate was ten years, six months, and four days, and it was said that it was ten years, five months, and twenty-one nights.
After completing the burial of Omar bin Al-Khattab, the people of the Shura Council went to a meeting in the house of Aisha bint Abi Bakr, and it was said that they gathered in the house of Fatima bint Qais Al-Fihriyya, the sister of Al-Dahhak bin Qais. When the people of the Shura Council met, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf said to them: “Leave your affairs to three of you.” Al-Zubayr said: “I have delegated my affairs to Ali,” and Talha said: “I have assigned my affairs to Uthman,” and Saad said: “I have assigned my affairs to Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf.” The three candidates became Ali bin Abi Talib, Othman bin Affan, and Abd al-Rahman bin Awf. Abd al-Rahman said: “Which of you has disavowed this matter? We will assign it to him, by God and Islam, so that he may see that the best of them is in himself.” The two sheikhs remained silent, and Abd al-Rahman bin Awf said: “Will you appoint him to him?” By God, I will not turn away from the best of you.” They said: “Yes.”
Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf began consulting the Muslims, and after the morning prayer on the day of the pledge of allegiance (the last day of the month of Dhu al-Hijjah 23 AH/November 6, 644 AD), Abd al-Rahman announced the pledge of allegiance to Uthman ibn Affan and said: “Now, O Ali, I have looked into the affairs of the people and have not seen them.” They treat Uthman justly, so do not make a way against yourself.” Abd al-Rahman said, addressing Uthman: “I pledge allegiance to you according to the Sunnah of God, His Messenger, and the two caliphs after him.” So Abd al-Rahman pledged allegiance to him, and the people, the Emigrants, the Ansar, the commanders of the soldiers, and the Muslims pledged their allegiance to him.
Battle of the camel and his death
Talha was the first to pledge allegiance to Othman bin Affan. Where he pledged allegiance to him in the Shura Council, then he was among the supporters of Othman bin Affan in the sedition, so when Othman was killed; He regretted abandoning his support and said: “We are deluded in the matter of Uthman, and we do not find a day better than shedding our blood on it. Oh God, take Uthman’s favor from me today until you are satisfied.
” Then he pledged allegiance to Ali bin Abi Talib, and it is said: “The first one to pledge allegiance to him was Talha, with his right hand, and it was a shala from the day of Uhud.” And after Ali bin Abi Talib pledged allegiance; Talha and Al-Zubair asked him to expedite the retaliation, and they suggested that they go to Basra and Kufa. Talha said: “Let me go to Basra, so he will not attack you unless I am on horseback.” Al-Zubair said: “Let me go to Kufa, so he will not come to you unless I am on horseback.” So Ali ordered them to wait. Four months after the killing of Othman; Al-Zubayr and Talha went out for Umrah to Mecca and met Aisha bint Abi Bakr. They arrived in Mecca in Rabi’ al-Akhir in the year 36 AH, and they called on the people to take revenge on Othman.
Then they decided to go out to Basra, then Kufa, and seek the help of its people against the killers of Uthman, whether they were among them or others, and then they would invite the people of other cities to do so, and when they reached Basra; The governor of Basra, Othman bin Hanif Al-Ansari, sent them to ask them about the reason for their coming.
He sent to them both Imran bin Husayn and Abu Al-Aswad Al-Du’ali, and they went to Aisha and said: “Our prince sent us to you to ask you about your path. Will you inform us?” She said: “By God, there is no one like me who walks with a hidden matter.” And he does not cover his sons with the news. The mob from the people of the regions and the conflict of tribes invaded the sanctuary of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and they caused incidents in it and sheltered the innovators in it, and they deserved the curse of God and the curse of His Messenger in it, in addition to what they had achieved by killing the Imam of the Muslims without any excuse or excuse, so they made it permissible to shed the forbidden blood, so they shed it, and they plundered the money. The Sacred Land, and they invaded the Sacred Land and the Sacred Month, and tore off their honor and skins, and resided in the home of a people who hated their position, harmful, harmful, neither beneficial nor pious, unable to abstain and not safe.
So I came out among the Muslims, informing them of what these people have come to, and what the people are behind us, and what they should come to. In correcting this, and I read: “There is no good in much of their private conversations except those who command charity, kindness, or reconciliation between people.” We rise in reconciliation from those whom God Almighty has commanded and the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, commanded, young and old, male and female, for this is our business until A favor that we command you to do and encourage you to do It is an evil that we forbid you and urge you to change it.
” So they came to Talha and said: “Why should I offer you?” He said: “Demanding for the blood of Uthman.” They said: “Did you not pledge allegiance to Ali?” He said: “Yes, and the wind was on my neck, and Ali would not have resigned if he had not come between us and his killers.” Uthman.” Then they came to Al-Zubair and said: “Why should I bring you?” He said: “The demand is for Uthman’s blood.” They said: “Did you not pledge allegiance to Ali?” He said: “Yes, and the wind was on my neck, and Ali would not have resigned if he had not come between us and the killers of Uthman.”
Uthman bin Hanif decided to prevent them from entering Basra until Ali bin Abi Talib came, so Talha and then Al-Zubayr stood up and addressed the supporters of the two camps. The companions of Al-Jamal supported them, and the companions of Uthman bin Hanif rejected them. Then Aisha stood up to address the two camps, and the companions of the camel remained with her, and a group of Uthman bin Hanif’s companions sided with her. Hakim bin Jablah Al-Abdi - who was one of the killers of Othman - came and insulted Aisha. He did not pass by a man or woman who was denounced for insulting Aisha except that he killed him. Fighting broke out, and they fought fiercely, and a number of those who participated in killing Uthman, estimated at seventy men, were killed. Al-Zubayr, Talha, and those with them were able to control Basra, and Al-Zubair headed to the Treasury and released Uthman bin Hanif.
Ali bin Abi Talib arrived in Dhi Qar, and sent messengers between him, Talha, Al-Zubayr, and Aisha. He sent Al-Qaqa’ bin Amr to them and said to Aisha: “Mother, what brought you to this country?” She said: “Build reform among the people.” Al-Qaqa’ ibn Amr sought reconciliation between the two parties, and they agreed to reconcile. When Al-Qaqa’ returned to Ali and told him what he had done, Ali traveled until he came to live with them. When he intended to leave, he said: “I am leaving tomorrow, so they departed. No one will depart tomorrow.
No one helped Othman with anything in any way.” affairs of the people, and let the fools spare their souls.” When he said this, a group of Uthman’s killers gathered, such as Al-Ashtar Al-Nakha’i, Shurayh ibn Awfa, and Abdullah ibn Saba, and Al-Ashtar said: “We have known the opinion of Talha and Al-Zubayr about us, and as for Ali’s opinion, we did not know it until today. If it is... He has reconciled with them, but he has reconciled with our blood.” Abdullah bin Saba said: “O my people, he rebukes you in the midst of people. When people meet, war and fighting break out among the people, and do not let them meet.”
They ignited a fight between the two sides, and Talha tried to stop the fighting, so he started saying while riding his animal: “O people, listen,” but no one listened to him, so he said: “Ugh!” A bed of fire, and greedy flies.” Ka’b bin Sur stood up with the Qur’an, and began to appeal to both groups to stop fighting until he was killed. An arrow hit Talha in his knee, cutting off his sciatica, and his blood continued to bleed until he died, so Talha was one of the first killed. It was said that the arrow hit him in the throat, so he said: In the name of God, “And the command of God is decreed and decreed.” Surah Al-Ahzab: 38, so he was killed in the year thirty-six, and he was buried in Basra in the Qara Qarat. He was sixty years old, and it was said: sixty-two years old, and it was said: the son of Sixty-four years.
After his murder
It was narrated that when Talha was killed and Ali bin Abi Talib saw him killed; He started Ali wiping the dirt off his face, and said: “It is dear to me, Abu Muhammad, to see you braided under the stars of the sky.” Then he said: “To God I complain of my punishment and my reward,” and he had mercy on him and said: “I wish I had died twenty years before this day.” He and his companions wept over him, and it was narrated that Ali said: “Give good news to the killer of Talhah about the fire.” Talha was buried in Basra in the Qara Qarat. It is narrated that a man saw Talha in a vision after his death, saying to him: “Turn me away from my grave, for the water has hurt me.” Then he saw it again until he saw it for three nights, so he came. Ibn Abbas told him, and they looked, and behold, the cleft of it that is next to the earth was green from The water oozed out, so they turned it over.
He said: “It is as if I were looking at the camphor between his eyes. Nothing has changed except his backbone, which has moved away from its place.” Saeed bin Al-Musayyab narrated: “A man used to visit Ali, Talha, and Al-Zubayr. So Saad bin Malik began to forbid him, saying: Do not fall in love with my brothers, but he refused, so Saad stood up. He prayed two rak'ahs, then said: Oh God, if he displeases you with what he says, then show me a blemish in it, and make it a sign for the people. So the man came out, and behold, he was Bakhti tearing the people apart, so he took him with a tile, placed it between his kerchief and the tile, and crushed him until he killed him. I saw the people following Saad and saying: Congratulations to you. Abu Ishaq, your prayer has been answered.”