Abdullah bin Al-Zubair bin Al-Awwam Al-Asadi Al-Qurashi
was one of the senior companions of the Prophet Muhammad and Ibn Al-Zubair bin Al-Awwam. His mother, Asmaa bint Abi Bakr, was the daughter of the first caliph, Abi Bakr Al-Siddiq. Abdullah bin Al-Zubair was the first Muslim to be born in Medina after the Prophet’s migration.
Time of life:
Abdullah bin Al-Zubair was born in Quba in Medina in the month of Shawwal, either in the first or second year of the Hijra. His mother prayed the names of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, over him, so he was named Abdullah after his grandfather, Abu Bakr. Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr grew up in a religious and noble family, and grew up with strong ties to early Islamic society.
Converting to Islam:
Abdullah bin Al-Zubair converted to Islam at an early age. At the age of seven, his father, Al-Zubair, ordered him to pledge allegiance to the Prophet Muhammad, and the Prophet smiled at this gesture. This event marked the beginning of Abdullah bin Al-Zubair's journey as a committed companion of the Prophet.
Defending Caliph Othman:
During the turbulent events surrounding the assassination of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan, Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr played an important role in defending the caliph against the rebels. He was known for his loyalty and courage during this period.
Resistance against Yazid:
After the death of Caliph Muawiyah, Abdullah bin Al-Zubair refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid bin Muawiyah, the new caliph. This led to a confrontation with Yazid, who sent an army to besiege Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr in Mecca. Despite the harsh conditions, Abdullah insisted on taking refuge in the sanctuary of the Holy Kaaba.
Claim of succession:
After the death of Yazid, Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr declared himself Caliph of the Muslims. He established his rule in Mecca, and pledged allegiance to him from various regions. However, his succession faced internal challenges, including the Al-Mukhtar Al-Thaqafi revolution in Iraq.
Fall and death:
Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr's succession faced internal conflict, and he struggled to maintain control. The Umayyads, led by Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, regrouped and eventually overcame Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr's forces. He was besieged in Mecca, and the conflict ended with his death in the year 73 AH.
legacy:
Although Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr's caliphate was relatively short-lived, he is remembered for his courage, loyalty to the early Islamic community, and resistance to unjust rule. His life reflects the challenges faced by early Islamic society and the complex political dynamics of that era.
Military clashes of Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr:
1. Battle of Yarmouk:
Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr witnessed the Battle of Yarmouk as a young boy, but did not participate in the fighting effectively due to his age. Instead, he had a role in treating the wounded during the battle. The Battle of Yarmouk was an important confrontation between Islamic forces and the Byzantine Empire, and the presence of Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr contributed to the overall success of the Muslims.
2. Invasion of Africa:
During the succession of Othman bin Affan, Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr participated in the conquest of Africa. His participation in the battle against the Byzantine commander Gregory in Sbeitla, led by Abdullah bin Saad bin Abi Sarh, played a decisive role in tipping the balance in favor of the Muslims. Abdullah's courage and skill on the battlefield contributed to victory, and he went on to play a role in the conquest of Africa.
3. Defense of Caliph Othman:
Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr actively defended Caliph Uthman ibn Affan during the rebel siege of his house. Despite his young age, Abdullah demonstrated loyalty and courage in protecting the Caliph against those who would seek to harm him.
4. Battle of the Camel:
During the Battle of the Camel, Abdullah bin al-Zubayr joined Caliph Ali's supporters, including Talha and Aisha. He served as a cavalry commander and participated in the fighting. It is worth noting that he faced Malik bin Al-Harith Al-Ashja'i, but was unable to defeat him. Instead, Abdullah embraced him, urging both sides to save each other's lives, creating a famous scene during the battle.
5. Resistance against the Umayyad Caliphate
After the death of Caliph Muawiyah, Abdullah bin al-Zubayr refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid bin Muawiyah, which led to conflict with the Umayyad Caliphate. This resistance reached its peak in the siege of Mecca, where Abdullah bin Al-Zubair took refuge in the sanctuary of the Holy Kaaba. Despite the challenges, he insisted on his opposition.
6. The clash with Yazid:
After the death of Yazid bin Muawiyah, tensions escalated between Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr and the Umayyad Caliphate. Abdullah maintained his claim to the caliphate, leading to military confrontations. His strong refusal to submit to Yazid's authority led to further conflicts, including the siege of Mecca.
7. The confrontation with the Umayyad governor Amr bin Harith:
Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr faced challenges from Umayyad forces, including confrontations with Amr ibn Harith, the governor of Medina. Despite the difficulties, Abdullah's steadfastness and the support he received from the people in Mecca demonstrated the complexity of the political scene during that period.
8. Siege of Mecca and death:
Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr's resistance reached its peak during the siege of Mecca, during which Umayyad forces led by al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf besieged the city. The conflict led to the demolition of the Kaaba, and the eventual killing of Abdullah bin Al-Zubair in the year 73 AH.
Khalifa Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr:
Here is the home of Yazid bin Muawiyah in the year 64 AH and the leadership of Al-Hajjaj del Asedio in Mecca. The leader, Abdullah bin Al-Zubair, will be announced. Pueblo of Hejaz New Year, with great greetings in various regions, including the Levant, Kufa, Basra, Khorasan, Yemen and the mayor of the Levant (except for some regions).
But prominent figures such as Ibn Omar, Ibn al-Hanafiyyah, and Ibn Abbas do not join Abdullah bin al-Zubayr. However, assistance in obtaining other areas serves as a base for your leadership claim.
To consolidate his forces, Abdullah bin al-Zubayr appointed governors in different states. Su Hermano Musab, the governor of Medina, Al-Harith bin Abdullah bin Abi Rabi’ah, the governor of Basra, Abdullah bin Muti’ of Kufa, and Abd al-Rahman bin Utbah bin Jahdam, the governor of Egypt. Las regions in Yemen and Khorasan receive gobernadores designs.
A pair of amplicons belonging to Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, his companions, especially in the Levant, donde juramento of the lealtad no fue unánime. AlgunasFiguras destacadas, between Ibn Omar, Ibn al-Hanafiyyah and Ibn Abbas, they will reconcile their resurrection.
Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr is familiar with the actions of the grigitates which are very important to him in the defense of Mecca because Opusieron finds himself in a negative position regarding the succession of Uthman ibn Affan. These people were loved by Nafi’ ibn al-Azraq, who lived in Iraq and Khorasan. Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr mentioned the history of those related to Al-Muhallab bin Abi Sufra, who entered the world and died with his father Nafi bin Al-Azraq.
The period of Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr's succession is influenced by a comprehensive religious policy, leading to developments in different regions and countries, which renews the challenges of Islamic .
The death of Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr:
After the Umayyads took control of Medina, Abdullah bin Marwan saw an opportunity to eliminate Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr. He sent a large army led by Al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf Al-Thaqafi. Al-Hajjaj set off from Taif, sent detachments to Arafat, and engaged in fierce battles with Ibn al-Zubayr's forces. Despite initial victories, Al-Hajjaj requested reinforcements, and Abd al-Malik requested permission to enter Mecca to besiege Ibn al-Zubayr.
Abdul Malik gave permission and ordered Tariq bin Amr to join Al-Hajjaj. Tariq joined Al-Hajjaj in the month of Dhul-Hijjah in the year 72 AH. Al-Hajjaj placed the catapult on Mount Abu Qubais, and tightened the siege on Mecca. The people of Mecca suffered from a severe famine, which forced Ibn al-Zubayr to slaughter his horses to feed his supporters.
Facing starvation and isolation, many of Ibn al-Zubayr's companions, including some of his close family members, abandoned him. Even his two sons, Hamza and Khabbab, were handed over to Hajjaj's forces. Al-Hajjaj took advantage of the situation and provided protection to Ibn al-Zubayr’s sons.
As the siege intensified, Abdullah entered his mother Asma’s house, expressing his frustration at people abandoning them. Asmaa advised him to stand firm if he believed in his cause and not to become a pawn in the hands of the Umayyads. Abdullah was touched by his mother's words, so he kissed her forehead and left, determined to continue fighting.
Umayyad forces attacked Mecca, causing heavy casualties among its residents and Ibn al-Zubayr's supporters. In a fierce battle, Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr was killed along with prominent figures such as Abdullah bin Muti Al-Adawi. Ibn al-Zubayr's body was crucified and sent to Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.
His death marked the end of an important chapter in early Islamic history, and the events leading up to his death reflected the complex political landscape of the time.