Omar bin Abdul Aziz pledged allegiance to the caliphate
The jurist Raja bin Haywa Al-Kindi suggested to Caliph Suleiman bin Abdul-Malik during his dying illness that he appoint Omar bin Abdul-Aziz as ruler. Ibn Sirin said: “May God have mercy on Suleiman. He opened his caliphate by reviving the prayer, and concluded it by appointing Omar bin Abdul-Aziz to succeed him. The year of his death was the year 99 AH, and he prayed.” On it was Omar bin Abdul Aziz, and it was engraved on his seal: “I believe in God sincerely.”
There were many narrations regarding the story of Sulaiman’s succession to Omar, including what Ibn Saad mentioned in his Tabaqat on the authority of Suhail bin Abi Suhail, who said: I heard Rajaa bin Haywah saying: When it was Friday, Suleiman bin Abd al-Malik wore green clothes made of yarn, and he looked in the mirror and said: “I swear by God.” The young king,” so he went out to prayer, leading the people in prayer on Friday, and did not return until he fell asleep. When he became heavy, he wrote the letter of his covenant to his son Ayoub, who was a boy who had not yet reached puberty. I said: “What are you doing, O Commander of the Faithful?” It is one of the things that the caliph is preserved in his grave when he appoints a righteous man as his successor.” So Suleiman said: “A letter for which I sought God’s advice and looked, but I did not decide on it.” So he stayed for a day or two, then tore it apart and then called me and said: “What do you see about Dawud bin Suleiman?” I said: “He is absent in Constantinople, and you do not know whether he is alive or dead.” He said: “Oh, please, who do you see?” I said: “What do you think, O Commander of the Faithful, and I want to see who is being remembered?” He said: “What do you think of Omar bin Abd? Al-Aziz?” I said: “I teach him, by God, he is virtuous, virtuous and submissive.” He said: “He is like that, and by God, if I were to appoint him and not appoint anyone from the descendants of Abd al-Malik, there would be a trial, and they would never let him succeed them unless I appoint one of them after him.” Yazid bin Abd al-Malik was absent. On the season, he said: “I will make it after Yazid bin Abdul Malik, for that is what he is comfortable with and they are satisfied with it.” I said: “Your opinion,” so he wrote in his hand:
“In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, this is a letter from Abdullah Suleiman, the Commander of the Faithful, to Omar bin Abdul Aziz. I have appointed him as the caliph after me, and after him Yazid bin Abdul Malik, so listen to him and obey him, and fear God, and do not disagree, lest he covet you.”
He concluded the letter, so he sent to Ka'b bin Hamid, the head of the police, saying, “Order my family to gather together.” So Ka’b sent to them and gathered them together. Then Suleiman said to Raja’ after their meeting: “Take this letter of mine to them, and tell them that it is my letter, and order them to pledge allegiance to whomever I have appointed.” So he acted with hope, and when he said that to them with hope, they said: “We heard and obeyed those in it.” And they said: “We will enter and greet the Commander of the Faithful.” He said: “Yes.” So they entered and Solomon said to them: “This book” (and he pointed to them as they looked at it in his hand). Raja bin Haywa) This is my covenant, so listen and obey and pledge allegiance to whomever I have named in this book.” So they pledged allegiance to a man, and then he came out with the letter sealed in Raja’s hand... Raja said: I seated at the door someone I trust and I commanded him not to return until I came to him, and not to enter upon the caliph. Nobody. So I went out and sent for Kaab bin Hamid Al-Ansi, who gathered the family of the Commander of the Faithful, and they gathered in Dabiq Mosque. I said: “Pledge allegiance.” They said: “We have pledged allegiance once and we will pledge allegiance another time!” I said: “This is the Commander of the Faithful. Pledge allegiance according to what he commanded, and whoever He is named in this sealed book.” So they pledged allegiance to the second one, man by man, and when they pledged allegiance after Solomon’s death, I saw that I had decided the matter. I said: “Go to your friend, for he has died.” They said: “To Allah we belong, and to Him we shall return,” and I read the letter to them, so when I finished, Omar bin Abdul Aziz mentioned that He called out to Hisham: “We will never pledge allegiance to him.” I said: “By God, strike your neck. Get up and pledge allegiance,” so he got up dragging his feet. I took Omar by my fingers and made him sit on the pulpit, while he was recalling what he had done, and Hisham was recalling what he had done wrong. When Hisham reached Omar, he said: “To God we belong, and to Him we shall return,” meaning when this matter came to you over Abd al-Malik’s son, so Omar said: “Yes, We belong to God and to Him we shall return, when he came to me because I hated him.”
His first sermon after his succession
“O people, I have been afflicted with this matter without any opinion on my part, no request for it, and no advice from the Muslims. I have removed from your necks whatever of my pledge of allegiance is on your necks, so choose for yourselves.”
The people shouted in unison: “We have chosen you, O Commander of the Faithful, and are satisfied with you, so take charge of our affairs in Yemen and blessings.” And here he felt that he had no escape from bearing the responsibility of the caliphate, so he added a statement defining his approach and method in the politics of the Muslim nation:
As for what follows, there is no prophet after your Prophet, nor after the Book that was revealed to him. Indeed, what God has made lawful is lawful until the Day of Resurrection. Indeed, I am not a judge but an executor. Indeed, I am not an innovator but a follower. Indeed, no one has the right to be obeyed in disobeying God. Indeed, I am not the best of you, but I am a man among you, except that God has made me the heaviest burden for you.
O people, whoever accompanies us, let him accompany us with five things, otherwise he should not come close to us: He raises to us the need of those who cannot fulfill it, helps us to do good with his effort, guides us to what is good to be guided to, does not backbite our subjects, and does not object to what does not concern him.
I advise you to fear God, for fear of God is the back of everything, and fear of God Almighty is not behind, and work for your hereafter, for whoever works for the hereafter, God, Blessed and Most High, will suffice him with the affairs of his world. And rectify your secrets, and the Most Gracious God will rectify your public ones, and mention death frequently, and prepare well before it comes. He brings you down, for he is the destroyer of pleasures...
This nation did not differ about its Lord, the Almighty, nor about its Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, nor about its book. Rather, they disagreed about the dinar and the dirham. By God, I do not give anyone something false, nor do I withhold what is right from anyone.
Then he raised his voice so that people could hear and said:
O people, whoever obeys God must be obeyed, and whoever disobeys God must not be obeyed. Obey me as long as I obey God. If I disobey God, you must not obey me. And those around you are towns and cities. If they obey as you obey, then I am your guardian, but if they are disobedient, then I am not your friend. Omar Bin Abdulaziz
Then he came down. Thus, the caliphate was established for Omar bin Abdul Aziz on that day, which was Friday, the ten days of Safar in the year 99 AH.
Organization of states
When Omar bin Abdul Aziz assumed the caliphate, one of his first actions was to stop the expansion in the remote areas on the outskirts of the state, and to try to withdraw Islamic forces from the combat areas, and his first actions in this field were in the forces that Caliph Suleiman was concerned with mobilizing and enforcing under the leadership of his brother Maslama to conquer Constantinople, and they continued to besiege it. For a period of two years, it faced many difficulties without succeeding in achieving its goal. When Omar bin Abdul Aziz assumed the caliphate, he wrote that Maslama bin Abdul Malik should be sent from Constantinople, and Suleiman had invaded it by land and sea. The situation became difficult for them and they became hungry until they ate animals due to effort and hunger, until... The man stepped off his animal and it was cut off from the market. Suleiman interfered in their matter, and that distressed Omar. When he turned, he saw that there was no room between him and God Almighty for any of the affairs of the Muslims, and then he delayed his action for an hour. That was what prompted him to hasten the letter. Omar bin Abd had directed Al-Aziz went to Maslama while he was in the land of the Romans, ordering him to leave it with those of the Muslims with him. He directed to them freed horses and a lot of food and urged the people to help them. The one to whom the freed horses were directed was, according to what was said, five hundred heads.
A map showing the size of the Islamic State during the reign of Omar bin Abdul Aziz
In Andalusia, Omar bin Abdul Aziz Al-Samh bin Malik Al-Khawlani appointed him as governor, and he was entrusted with evacuating Andalusia from Islam out of pity for them, as he feared that the enemy would prevail over them because they were cut off from across the sea from the Muslims. However, Al-Samh did not see a complete withdrawal from Andalusia, so he wrote to the Caliph saying: “People have multiplied in it and have spread throughout its regions, so refrain from that,” and he removed Andalusia from African labor.
In the East, Omar bin Abd al-Aziz wrote to Abd al-Rahman, the governor of Khurasan, ordering him to isolate the Muslims from across the river with their descendants, but they refused and said: “Marw (the base of Khorasan) cannot be enough for us.” So he wrote to Omar about that, so Omar wrote to him: “Oh God, I have fulfilled what Ali, so do not attack the Muslims, and consider them what God has granted them.” On the Sindh front, Omar bin Abdul Aziz wrote to the kings calling on them to Islam and obedience on the condition that he be king over them, and they have what the Muslims have and they have what they owe, and his biography and doctrine reached them, so his army and the kings converted to Islam, and they took Arab names, and Amr bin Muslim Al-Bahili was Omar’s agent on that. The gap.
In Azerbaijan, the Turks raided the Muslims, killing a group of Muslims and attacking them. Omar bin Abdul Aziz Hatim bin Al-Numan Al-Bahili directed against them and killed those Turks, but only a small number of them escaped, so fifty captives were presented to Omar in Khanasra.
In the year 100 AH, the Romans raided the coast of Latakia at sea, demolishing its city and taking its people captive, so he ordered its construction and fortification. In 101 AH, Omar bin Abdul Aziz invaded Al-Walid bin Hisham Al-Mu’aiti and Amr bin Qais Al-Kindi from the people of Homs, and ordered the deportation of the people of Tarandah while they were unwilling, out of pity for them from the enemy. He wanted to demolish Al-Masisa because it was exposed to Roman raids, then he refrained from doing so and built a comprehensive mosque for its people in the direction of Kafriya. He built a cistern in it and had his name written on it. He made it an advanced center to ward off the danger to Antioch from the repeated Roman invasions.
Omar was very firm in taking the right and defending it, and this is what Ibn Abd al-Hakam’s narration indicates, where he mentions that when Caliph Omar bin Abd al-Aziz sent a messenger to the king of the Romans, and told him the story of a captive man in the Roman country who was forced to leave Islam and embrace Christianity, saying: He said to him: “If you do not do so, your eyes will become dull.” So he chose his religion over his sight, and his eyes became dull. So the Caliph Omar bin Abdul Aziz sent to the king of the Romans and said to him: “I swear to God that if you do not send him to me, I will send you soldiers, the first of whom will be with you and the last of them with me.” So the king responded. The Romans asked for him, and he sent the man to him.
State administration and the most important features of his term
the Justice
Omar bin Abdul Aziz believed that responsibility consisted in fulfilling the rights of the people, submitting to the terms of their pledge of allegiance, and achieving their legitimate interests. The caliph was an employee of the nation and he must implement its just demands according to the terms of the pledge of allegiance.
He wanted to further understand the qualities of a just Imam and what he must do to be characterized by this quality, so he wrote to Al-Hasan Al-Basri asking him about that, and Al-Hasan replied:
“The just Imam, O Commander of the Faithful, is like a father who is compassionate toward his child. He seeks them when they are young, teaches them when they are old, writes for them during his lifetime, and treasures them after his death. And the just Imam, O Commander of the Faithful, is like a compassionate, dutiful mother who is gentle with her child. She bore him unwillingly, gave birth to him unwillingly, and raised him as a child. She stays up late when he stays awake, is calm when he is still, breastfeeds him at times and weans him at other times, rejoices in his health, and is saddened by his complaints. And the just Imam, O Commander of the Faithful, is the guardian of the orphans and the protector of the poor, raising their little ones. The just Imam, O Commander of the Faithful, is like a heart between the wings. The wings are made good by his goodness, and corrupted by his corruption. The just Imam, O Commander of the Faithful, is the one who stands between God and His servants. He hears the words of God and makes them heard, looks to God and shows them, and submits to God and leads them. So do not, O Commander of the Faithful, be like a slave in God’s possession of you whose master entrusted him and protected him with his money and his children, but who squandered and displaced his children, impoverishing his family and separating his wealth.
Omar loved the members of the family and restored their rights to them. He once said to Fatima bint Ali bin Abi Talib: “O daughter of Ali, by God, there is no family on the face of the earth more beloved to me than you, and because you are more beloved to me than my family.”
Redress grievances
Omar bin Abdul Aziz began redressing the grievances himself. Ibn Saad narrated: When Omar bin Abdul Aziz redressed the grievances, he said: “I should not start with the first of myself.” So he looked at what was in his hands, whether land or possessions, and then left it until he looked at a ring piece. He said: “This is what Al-Waleed bin Abdul Malik gave me from what came to him from the land of Morocco,” so he left. He was so keen on proving that he removed the silver jewelry from his sword and replaced it with iron. Abdul Aziz bin Omar said: “My father’s sword was decorated with silver, so he removed it and replaced it with iron.”
He got out of the land or possessions in his possession through several means, such as selling. When he became a successor, he looked at the slave he had, his clothes, his perfume, and other curiosities. He sold everything he had on his own, amounting to twenty-three thousand dinars, and set it on his way. Or by returning it to its original owners, and this is what he did with regard to the herds that his people had given him, just as Omar returned to the Egyptian man his land in Helwan after he learned that his father Abdul Aziz had wronged the Egyptian there, and even the house that his father Abdul Aziz had bought from Al-Rabi’ bin Kharijah. The one who was an orphan in his care returned it to him, knowing that it is not permissible to buy a guardian from someone under his command. Then he turned to the money he was getting from Jabal al-Wars in Yemen, and returned it to the Muslim treasury despite his family’s dire need for this money. He also ordered his master to return the money he was getting from Bahrain every year to God’s money.
If Omar himself began to redress injustices, he supported his family and his cousins from the Umayyads. He saw that the Umayyads introduced many aspects of authority that did not exist during the era of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, or his rightly-guided caliphs. They spent a lot of money from He decided to appear with greatness and splendor in front of their subjects, and he was surprised by those new clothes and bottles of perfume and ointment that became his, under the pretext that the late Caliph had not damaged them, as they were his right as the new Caliph. Immediately upon presenting these adornments to him, his master Muzahem ordered him to sell them, and add their price to the Muslims’ treasury.
Omar had a specific policy in redressing the grievances of the Umayyads. When members of the Umayyad house came to him after he left the burial of Suleiman, and asked him what the Umayyad caliphs before him had done to them, Abd al-Malik bin Omar bin Abd al-Aziz wanted to repel them from his father, so Omar said to him: “And what Do you reach them?” He said: “I say: My father extends his greetings to you and says to you: Say, ‘Indeed, if I disobey my Lord, I fear the punishment of a great day.’ Then he turned to the sons of the Umayyad house, gathered them together and asked them to give up the money and estates they had in their hands that they had taken unlawfully. Only a few days passed until the Umayyads found themselves deprived of anything but their legitimate natural rights.
When the Umayyad men were unable to make Omar fear or relent in his policy towards them, they turned to his aunt Fatima bint Marwan. When she entered upon him, he honored her and honored her as usual, and threw a pillow for her to sit on. She said: “Your relatives complain about you and remind you that you took the best of others from them.” He said: “I did not deny them a right or anything that was theirs, nor did I take from them a right or anything that was theirs.” She said: “I saw them speaking, and I fear that they will incite a difficult day against you.” He said: “Every day I fear it, except for the Day of Resurrection, so God has not protected me from its evil.” So he called for a dinar, a jumbo, and a censer, and he threw that dinar into the fire, and started blowing on the dinar, and when it turned red, he took something from it, then threw it on the coals, and it got hot and dried out, and he said: “O aunt, will you not inherit from this to your nephew?” Then he said: “God has sent Muhammad.” May God bless him and grant him peace, and did not send him to punish all people, then he chose for him what he had and left for the people a river in which they drank in the same way, then Abu Bakr took charge and left the river as it was, then Omar took charge and did their work, then the river continued to draw from it Yazid, Marwan, Abd al-Malik, his son al-Walid, and Suleiman’s sons. Abdul Malik until the matter led to me, and the greatest river dried up, and its companions were not seen until it returned to what it was.” She said: “It is enough for you, I meant what you said, but if this is what you said, I will never remember anything.” So I returned to them and told them his words. It was reported in a narration that she said to them: “You did this to yourselves. You married the children of Omar bin Al-Khattab, and he looked like his grandfather,” but they remained silent.
Once, his governor in Basra sent him a man who had usurped his land. Omar returned this land to him and then said to him: “How much did you spend in coming to me?” He said: “O Commander of the Faithful, you are asking me about my expenses when you have returned my land to me and it is better than a hundred thousand?” Omar replied: “I have returned your rights to you.” He then ordered sixty dirhams to compensate him for his travel expenses. Ibn Musa said: “Omar bin Abdul Aziz continued to redress grievances from the day he became caliph until the day he died.”
One day, a group of Muslims came to him and quarreled with Ruh bin Al-Walid bin Abdul Malik in shops, and they had proof against him, so Omar ordered Ruh to return the shops to them, and he did not pay attention to Al-Walid’s record, so Ruh stood up and threatened them, so one of them deterred and informed Omar of that, so Omar ordered his guard. To follow a spirit, and if he does not return the shops to their owners, he should be beheaded, and a spirit feared for himself and returned their shops to them. Omar returned land that a group of Bedouins had revived, then Al-Walid bin Abdul Malik took it from them and gave it to some of his family. Omar said: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever revives dead land, it is his.”
Isolate all unjust governors
When Omar bin Abdul Aziz assumed the caliphate, he appointed all the unjust governors and rulers and removed them from their positions, including Khaled bin Al Rayyan, the owner of Suleiman bin Abdul Malik’s guard, who used to strike every neck that Suleiman ordered to strike, and appointed Amr bin Muhajir Al Ansari in his place. Omar bin Abdul Aziz said: “O Khaled, put this sword away from you. Oh God, I have given you Khaled bin Al-Rayyan. Oh God, do not raise it ever.” Then he said to Amr bin Muhajir: “By God, you know, O Amr, that there is no relationship between me and you except the closeness of Islam, but I heard you reciting the Qur’an a lot.” And I saw you praying in a place where you thought no one would see you, so I saw you praying well. Take this sword, I have given you my guard.”
Omar saw a man who prayed a lot, and he wanted to test him to appoint him as governor, so he sent a man from his family to him and said: “O so-and-so, you know my position with the Commander of the Faithful, so what would be the matter if I made him appoint you as governor of one of the countries?” The man said: “You have a year’s reward,” so he returned. The man went to Omar and told him what this man was, but he left him because he had failed the test.
Among those dismissed by Omar bin Abdul Aziz was: Osama bin Zaid al-Tanukhi, who was responsible for the tax of Egypt, because he was oppressive and aggressive in punishing people other than what God Almighty revealed. He used to cut off hands in disputes without fulfilling the conditions for cutting off, so Omar bin Abdul Aziz ordered him to be imprisoned in every soldier for a year, and to be shackled and removed from him at every prayer, then put back in the shackles. He was imprisoned in Egypt for a year, then in Palestine for a year, then Omar died and Yazid bin Abdul’s guardian King of the Caliphate, Osama responded to Egypt in his work.
Working in Shura
Omar bin Abdul Aziz was interested in activating the principle of Shura during his caliphate, and among his sayings about Shura: “Consultation and debate are the door of mercy and the key to blessing, with which no opinion is lost, and no firmness is lost with them.”
The principle of Shura was made clear on the first day of his caliphate, when he said to the people: “O people, I have been afflicted with this matter without any opinion on my part, nor any request for it or advice from the Muslims, and I have renounced whatever pledge of allegiance is on your necks.” The people shouted. One shout: “We have chosen you, O Commander of the Faithful, and we are satisfied with you, so direct our affairs in right and blessing.” Thus, Omar departed from the principle of inheritance of guardianship, which was adopted by most of the Umayyad caliphs, to the principle of consultation and election. Omar was not content with choosing him and pledging allegiance to those present, but rather he cared about the opinion of Muslims in other lands and their advice. He said in his first sermon: “And those around you, from the lands and cities, if they obey as you have obeyed.” And if they refuse, then I am not your friend.” Then he descended.
He wrote to the Islamic countries and all of them pledged allegiance, and among those to whom he wrote was Yazid bin Al-Muhallab asking him to pledge allegiance after explaining to him that he was not interested in the caliphate. So Yazid called the people to pledge allegiance and they pledged allegiance. Thus, it becomes clear that he was not satisfied with consulting those around him, but rather the matter extended to all Muslim regions.
Omar used to consult scholars and ask for their advice on many matters, such as Salem bin Abdullah, Muhammad bin Ka’b Al-Qurtubi, and Raja bin Haywa, so he said: “I have been afflicted with this matter, so advise me.” He also consulted men with sound minds, and Omar was keen to reform his inner circle when he assumed the caliphate. He brought scholars and righteous people close to his council, and kept away from him those who had worldly interests and private benefits. He used to advise them and urge them to improve him, so he said to Amr bin Muhajir: “If you see me, I have become bored.” About the truth, so put your hand on my lapel, then shake me, then say: O Omar, what are you doing?
Spreading knowledge among the parish
Omar was keen to spread knowledge among his subjects, to make them understand the religion, and to introduce them to the Sunnah. It was reported that he said in one of his sermons: “Islam has limits, laws, and sunnahs. Whoever practices them has completed faith, and whoever does not practice them has not completed faith. Because I live, I will teach you about it and carry it to you. “I am not keen on keeping company with you.” He also said: “If every heresy was put to death by God at my hands, and every sunnah that God revived was at my hands with a little of my flesh until the end of that came upon my soul, it would be easy for God.” And in another place he said: “By God, were it not for the revival of a Sunnah or for me to follow the truth, I would not like to "I'm having a hiccup."
That is why Omar sent scholars to teach people and teach them jurisprudence to the various regions of the state, its cities, and its valleys, and he ordered his workers in the regions to urge the scholars to spread knowledge. It was stated in the book that he sent to his workers: “Order the people of knowledge and jurisprudence from your soldiers to spread what God has taught them of this, and to speak it in public.” Their meetings,” and among what he wrote to some of his workers: “As for what follows, he ordered the people of knowledge to spread knowledge in their mosques, for the Sunnah had died.”
He also ordered his workers to pay salaries to the scholars so that they could devote themselves to spreading knowledge, and he assigned many scholars to teach the people about religion, so he sent Yazid bin Abi Malik al-Dimashqi and al-Harith bin Yamjid al-Ash’ari to teach the people and the Bedouins. Al-Dhahabi mentioned that Omar assigned Yazid bin Abi Malik to teach the Banu Numir and read them, and he sent Nafi’, Ibn Omar’s client, to the people of Egypt to teach them the Sunnahs, and he had sent ten jurists to Africa to teach its people.
Recording the Prophet’s hadith
The Prophet Muhammad forbade writing anything other than the Qur’an in the beginning. For fear of mixing anything other than the Qur’an with it, and people being distracted from the Book of their Lord with something other than it, then after that came the prophetic permission to write down the noble hadith, so the matter was abrogated, and the matter became permissible. It has been proven that many of the Companions permitted writing down the hadith and wrote it down for themselves, and their students wrote it down in their hands, and they began to communicate by writing down the hadith and memorizing it.
Perhaps the first official codification of the Prophet’s hadith, that is, carried out by a responsible party in the Islamic State, was at the hands of Abdul Aziz bin Marwan (Omar’s father) when he was Emir of Egypt. However, the codification that bore fruit was what was done by the Commander of the Faithful, Omar bin Abdul Aziz. This was evident in his instructions for writing down knowledge and recording hadith, and his orders for the private and the public to do so. Among his instructions is his saying: “O people, limit your blessings to gratitude, and limit knowledge to writing.”
His death
Narrations differed about the cause of Omar bin Abdul Aziz’s illness and death, as some narratives state that the reason for his illness and death was “fear of God Almighty and concern for the affairs of people,” as narrated on the authority of his wife Fatima bint Abdul Malik, and as Ibn Saad mentioned in Al-Tabaqat on the authority of Ibn Lahi’a.
However, another reason for his death was mentioned; It is that he was given poison, and that is because the Umayyads had grown tired and fed up with Omar’s policy, which was based on justice and deprived them of their pleasures and enjoyment of advantages that no one else had access to. Rather, he made the Umayyads like the most remote people on the outskirts of the Islamic state, and redressed the injustices that were in their hands, and prevented them from doing so. And between what they desired, some of the Umayyads almost poisoned him by putting poison in his drink. It was narrated that they promised Omar’s boy a thousand dinars and that he would be freed if he carried out the plan. The boy was disturbed whenever he tried to do that, then they threatened to kill the boy if he did not do so, and when he was driven between Instigation and intimidation, he carried the poison on his fingernail, then when he wanted to offer the drink to Omar, he threw the poison in it, then offered it to Omar, who drank it and then felt it as it fell into his stomach. On the authority of Mujahid, he said: Omar bin Abdul Aziz said to me: “What do people say about me?” I said: “They say that you are bewitched.” He said: “I am not bewitched.” Then he called a servant of his and said to him: “Woe to you, what made you give me poison to drink?” He said: “I gave it a thousand dinars and I will be freed.” He said: “Give the thousand,” so he brought it and Omar threw it into the treasury and said: “Go where no one can see you.” It was said that he died of tuberculosis. Omar bin Abdul Aziz died on Friday, ten nights short of Rajab in the year 101 AH, according to the most correct narrations. The illness continued with him for twenty days. He died in Deir Simaan, from the land of Maarat al-Numan in the Levant, after a caliphate that lasted two years, five months, and four days. He died when he was thirty-nine years and five months old. According to the most correct narrations, he was forty years old when he died.
The narrations differed on the amount of Omar bin Abdul Aziz’s estate when he died, but the narrations agreed on the smallness or non-existence of the estate. Ibn al-Jawzi said: I was informed that Al-Mansour said to Abd al-Rahman bin al-Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abi Bakr al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him: “Advise me.” He said: “ Omar bin Abdul Aziz, may God have mercy on him, died, leaving behind eleven sons, and his estate amounted to seventeen dinars, of which five dinars were covered, and the price of the place of his grave was two dinars. He divided the rest among his sons, and each of his sons received nineteen dirhams. Hisham bin Abdul Malik died and left behind eleven sons, so his estate was divided, and each one of his estate received a thousand thousand, and I saw a man from the descendants of Omar bin Abdul Aziz who mounted a hundred horses in one day for the sake of God Almighty, and I saw a man from the descendants of Hisham being given alms. ».
His will to his crown prince, Yazid bin Abdul Malik
Omar bin Abdul Aziz wrote to Yazid bin Abdul Malik while he was dying, saying:
In the name of God, the most gracious, the most merciful,
From Abdullah Omar, Commander of the Faithful, to Yazid bin Abdul Malik,
Peace be upon you. I praise God, besides whom there is no god. As for what follows, I wrote to you while I was suffering from pain, and I knew that I am responsible for what I have been given, and the King of this world and the hereafter will hold me accountable for it, and I cannot hide from him anything of my work. God Almighty says in what He says: “So let us recount to them with knowledge while we were not absent.” If the Most Merciful is satisfied with me, I have succeeded and survived the long horror, and if He is angry with me and I am distressed about what I will become, I ask God, besides whom there is no god, to protect me from Hell with His mercy, and to grant me His pleasure and Paradise. You must fear God and obey his subjects, for you will only remain after me for a short time until you join the Gentle, the All-Aware.