Ablution in Islam
In Islamic law, it is: a water purification that pertains to certain members in a specific capacity with the intention of worship. The specific actions are: the intention, and the delivery of water to specific members. And its pillars: (Intention, washing the face, then washing the hands up to the elbows, then wiping the head, then washing the feet up to the ankles). Or arrangement and continuity with some, including what is obligatory for some, just as ablution has conditions, Sunnahs, and other provisions that are replaced by books of jurisprudence.
And ablution for jurisprudence scholars is the first destination for purity; Because it is a basic requirement for prayer, and it is one of the most important conditions for prayer.
Definition of ablution
Ablution in the language: taken from ablution, meaning: good, cleanliness and light. So called legal ablution; Because it is a light from the darkness of sins, and it gives light to the organs by washing them.
And in Sharia it is: “using water in specific organs, with the intention,” or “specific actions, which is the intention, and delivering water to specific organs, starting with washing the face, then washing the hands, then wiping the head, then washing the feet.” The intention is when washing the first part of the face.
The meaning of ablution
Ablution by adding waw is a noun for the verb, which is the use of water in specific organs, and opening it is a noun for the water with which one performs ablution.
ablution duties
The obligations of ablution without which ablution is not valid are:
The intention is because ablution is an act and the intention is obligatory in it according to the majority of jurists, so it is not valid without it. Is it a condition of the validity of ablution or one of its pillars? There is no difference, as it is obligatory for everyone, according to his saying, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him: “Actions are but by intentions.”
Washing the face from the roots of the hair of the usual head to what descends from the beard in length and from ear to ear in width, and from it: rinsing the mouth and sniffing for those who say that it is obligatory, such as the Malikis. It is included in the definition of the face that is commanded to be washed in the Almighty’s saying: } O you who have believed, when you rise to prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows, and wipe with dirt. Your head and your feet up to the ankles. Surah Al Maeda Verse: (6)
Washing hands from the tips of the fingers to the end of the elbows.
Wipe all or part of the head.
Washing the feet up to the ankles.
arrangement and loyalty.
Sunnahs of ablution
The Sunnahs of ablution are: that which is required to be done in addition to the pillars of ablution. They are: recommended and affirmed, but the confirmed Sunnahs are intended by some scholars as “duties of ablution” such as naming and washing the palms. It has extensive details in the books of jurisprudence. The most important Sunnahs of ablution.
label.
Washing the hands before inserting them into the pot.
Rinsing: administering water in the mouth (washing the mouth). It is obligatory for the Hanbalis.
Istikha: using the siwak when rinsing the mouth. (It is desirable, not obligatory)
Inhalation, which is: drawing water into the nose. It is obligatory for the Hanbalis.
Istihar: It is the ejection of water from the nose.
Wiping the ears, inside and out, and wiping the earlobes with another water. Meatus: the opening of the ear (which contains wax)
Triangulation: in the acts of ablution by washing the hands three times, the face three times, and the feet three times, starting with the right side and ending with the left.
And the rest of the verbs in every three three. Except for the hair on the head and ears.
Wipe the entire head, starting with the front.
Save on water.
There are other Sunnahs, which are mentioned in the books of jurisprudence.
Abominations of ablution
Excessive use of water.
Leaving one of the aforementioned Sunnahs, and whoever abandons a Sunnah will be deprived of its reward, and the work will be incomplete.
He hates ablution in an unclean place.
Talking during ablution is hated except for necessity, and there is nothing wrong with returning the greeting and sneezing.
It is disliked for someone who performs ablution to splash his face with water when washing.
nullifiers of ablution
What comes out of the two passages, and it alone is agreed that it invalidates ablution, and includes everything that comes out from the front or back, from: wind, urine, feces, semen, madhiy, or wadi.
Intense sleep.
Eating camel meat, and this is contrary to the correct view, and the correct view is that it invalidates ablution, because the Prophet performed ablution when he finished eating camels. And in the Sahih that a man asked the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him: ((Does one of us perform ablution if he eats camel meat? And the Messenger of God said, “Yes.” The man said: “Does one of us perform ablution if he eats sheep meat?” So the Messenger of God said: If you wish)))
Touching the vagina with the hand with desire, whether it is his own or someone else's, because of the hadith: (Whoever touches his private part, let him perform ablution).
[1] Fainting, insanity, and doubt are not permissible. Rather, a person is certain, and if he doubts, he does not perform ablution if he knows that he has performed ablution with certainty.
How to perform ablution according to the Sunnah
The method of ablution according to the Sunnah is:
to wash your hands three times,
And rinse and sniff three times, and rinsing: putting water in the mouth and spitting it out. Inhalation: attracting water with air into the nose.
Then you wash your face three times, from between the roots of the ears in width, and between the roots of the usual hair of the head to the end of the chin in length.
Then you wash your hands up to the elbows three times.
then wipe your head,
wipe ears,
Then you wash your feet up to the ankles three times.
This is the most complete, and this has been proven from the Prophet in hadiths in Al-Bukhari and Muslim that were narrated by Othman, Abdullah bin Zaid and others, and it has also been proven from him in Al-Bukhari and others that he performed ablution once, and that he performed ablution twice, meaning that he washes each of the ablution members once, or twice. .
How to ablution for Shiites
The method of ablution for Shiites is:
He washes the face from the hairline above the forehead to the chin in length.
You wash the hand from the elbow to the tips of the fingers, starting with the right hand, then the left hand, washing from the top of the elbow and down to the tips of your fingers, ending with your fingers.
Then the front of the head is wiped, and it is most likely that the wiping is done with the inside of the right hand and with the remaining wetness in it from washing the hand, and that the wiping begins from the top to the bottom, and it is permissible to wipe on the hair that pertains to the front, and it is not obligatory to wipe on the skin,
Then you wipe with the remaining wetness of your palms on your legs (feet) between the tips of the fingers and the joint of the shin.