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Hafsah bint Umar bin Al-Khattab, the Adawiya Qurayshite |
She is the fourth wife of the Prophet Muhammad, one of the mothers of the believers, the daughter of the second caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab and the sister of the companion Abdullah ibn Umar. She was born five years before the mission, and converted to Islam in Mecca with her father. She emigrated with her first husband, Khunais bin Hudhafa al-Sahmi, to Yathrib, which was later called Medina, and her husband died after he was wounded in the Battle of Uhud. Then the Prophet married her in Sha'ban in the year 3 AH, and she was the fourth of the Prophet's wives.
Hafsa was known to be jealous of the Prophet Muhammad from his other wives, and it was reported that the Prophet wanted to divorce her, so Gabriel came to him and said to him, “Do not divorce her; For she is a faster, and she is your wife in Paradise.” The beginning of Surat Al-Tahrim was also revealed in it with Aisha bint Abi Bakr. She was known for her rhetoric and eloquence. Hafsa remained in her house after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, and she did not leave it. She recounted several hadiths about the Prophet and her father, which amounted to sixty hadiths. Hafsa died in the year 41 AH in Medina, the first caliphate of Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan, and the Emir of Medina, Marwan bin Al-Hakam, prayed over her.
lineage
Hafsa's lineage tree and his meeting with the lineage of the Prophet Muhammad and the lineages of the rest of the mothers of the believers.
She is Hafsa bint Umar bin Al-Khattab bin Nufail bin Abd Al-Uzza bin Riyah bin Abdullah bin Qart bin Razzah bin Uday bin Ka’b bin Luay, bin Ghalib bin Fahr bin Malik bin Al-Nadr bin Kinana bin Khuzaymah bin Mudraka bin Elias bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Maad bin Adnan Al-Adawi Al-Qurashi.
Her mother was Zaynab bint Mazun, bin Habib bin Wahb bin Hudhafa bin Jamah, the Quraysh tribe, and the sister of Uthman bin Mazoun.
Her brothers: She has nearly thirteen brothers from her father. As for her two full brothers, they are: Abdullah bin Omar bin Al-Khattab, and Abdul Rahman Al-Akbar bin Omar.
its inception
Hafsa was born in Mecca, five years before the mission of the Prophet Muhammad, the year in which the Quraish rebuilt the Kaaba, and what was mentioned in the media according to Al-Zarkali agrees that her birth was in the eighteenth year before the Prophet’s migration, and her lineage meets with the Prophet Muhammad in Ka’b bin Luay. The name Hafsa means the vulture, and it was said that the feminine of Hafs is the son of the lion, and Hafsa is not known as a nickname, as was the custom of the Arabs at that time. Her father is Umar ibn al-Khattab, one of the great companions and the second caliph of the Prophet Muhammad after Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, and her mother is Zainab bint Maz’un al-Jumhiyya, who is the sister of the companions Uthman and Abdullah and the Qudama of Banu Maz’un al-Jumhi, and the aunt of the Sa’ib ibn Uthman ibn Maz’un, and it was said that she migrated, but there is no evidence to prove That, and it was said that she died before migration.
Hafsa is the eldest son of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab in age, and she has many brothers, the most famous of whom is her brother to her father and mother, Abdullah, and she is six years older than Abdullah. And they have another brother, whose name is Abd al-Rahman al-Akbar, to distinguish him from two other brothers from the sons of Umar ibn al-Khattab, all three of whom bear the same name “Abd al-Rahman.” In his Tabaqat, Ibn Saad referred to a sister of Hafsa called Fatimah, and she was not mentioned in any other book.
her Islam
The sources suggest that she converted to Islam when her father Omar bin Al-Khattab converted to Islam in the month of Dhul-Hijjah of the fifth year of the mission, and she was then ten years old. Hafsa married Khunais bin Hudhafa bin Uday al-Sahmi, and the biographies did not specify the year of their marriage. Khunais had migrated alone, the second migration to Abyssinia in the fifth year of the mission, then returned to Mecca, and it is likely that he married Hafsa after his return from Abyssinia, as the biographies did not mention that Hafsa migrated to Abyssinia.
Hafsa migrated with her husband to Medina when the Muslims migrated, and her husband, Khunais, witnessed the battles of Badr and Uhud with the Prophet Muhammad. He was wounded in the Battle of Uhud, and Khunais died in the year 3 AH in Medina of his wounds. And he had no offspring from it.
Her marriage to the Prophet Muhammad
In the rich tapestry of Islamic tradition, the term “Umm al-Mu’minin,” which means “Mother of the Believers,” carries enormous respect and importance. This title was given to the wives of the Prophet Muhammad, as mentioned in Surah Al-Ahzab in the Qur’an. It denotes a place of honour, respect and spiritual importance, and highlights the exceptional role these women played in the early days of Islam.
Qur’anic reference: high status
The Qur’an explicitly acknowledges the unique status of the Prophet Muhammad’s wives in Surah Al-Ahzab, verse 32: “O wives of the Prophet, you are not like any of the other women. Indeed, in his heart is a disease, and there is a disease for you.” Speak a kind word.” This verse confirms their distinction, and confirms their moral and spiritual superiority. It symbolizes their high role not only as companions of the Prophet, but as role models for all Muslim women.
Understanding number and identity
Islamic scholars such as Al-Hafiz Abd al-Rahim al-Iraqi and Ibn al-Qayyim have searched historical records to ascertain the exact number of wives with whom the Prophet had intercourse. The consensus is that he had eleven wives, including Khadija bint Khuwaylid, Sawda bint Zam’a, Aisha bint Abi Bakr, Hafsa bint Omar bin Al-Khattab, Umm Salamah, and Umm Habibah bint Abi Sufyan. These women, representing different tribes and backgrounds, contributed greatly to early Islamic society, embodying strength, wisdom, and piety.
The depth of the importance of the Mother of the Believers
Aside from the recognized wives, scholars have noted that there were proposals and agreements that did not culminate in marriage. The Prophet’s respect for these women, even in such situations, highlights the utmost dignity he accorded them. In addition, the title Mother of the Believers is a reminder of the Prophet's teachings, emphasizing kindness, respect, and love toward his wives. These principles still resonate in the teachings of Islam, and shape the behavior of believers towards their spouses.
The Messenger divorced her and then returned her
And on the authority of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, he wanted to divorce Hafsa, then he retracted her. On the authority of Ammar bin Yasser, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, wanted to divorce Hafsa, so Gabriel came and said: Do not divorce; Fasting and prayer, and she is your wife in heaven. ». And it was said: He divorced her, so her uncles Qudamah and Uthman bin Mazun entered upon her, so she cried and said: By God, he did not divorce me over the Shebaa salad. Fasting and prayer, and she is your wife in heaven. ». And it was narrated that when he divorced her, Omar reached this, and he put dust on his head, and said: God does not care about Omar after this, so Gabriel came down the next day to the Prophet, and he said: God. . Almighty commands you to return Hafsa as a mercy to Omar. Then, after a while, Umar entered upon Hafsa while she was crying, so he said to her: What makes you cry? Perhaps the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, has divorced you
After the death of the Prophet
Hafsa remained in her house after the death of the Messenger Muhammad, and she did not leave it after the apostasy wars, and what befell the Muslims in terms of losing many of the memorizers of the Qur’an. Abu Bakr decided to compile the Mushaf with the advice of Umar ibn al-Khattab, so he ordered Zaid ibn Thabit to collect it in one Mushaf, which remained with Abu Bakr until his death, and then became with Umar. After the death of Umar, this Qur'an came into the possession of Hafsa. Then people differed during the time of Othman bin Affan, due to the different readings in which of them was more correct, so Othman sent to Hafsa asking for the Qur’an to copy several copies from it. And when Umar died, Hafsa, after his death, bequeathed to alms the money that he endowed in the end, and Hafsa recommended her brother Abdullah in the same matter. And when Aisha wanted to go out to Basra, following the sedition that swept the Muslims after the killing of Uthman bin Affan, Hafsa intended to go out with her, but her brother Abdullah bin Omar prevented her from going out.
Hafsa’s house was located south of the Prophet’s Mosque, and Al-Samhodi referred to this house in what Ibn Zabala narrated on the authority of Abdullah bin Omar bin Hafs in his saying: The one in which the cabin is located. Hafsa had bought that house from Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq and remained in her possession until Uthman bin wanted Affan expanded the mosque, so he asked her, and she refused, saying: How will I do? Find my way to the mosque? Othman said to her: We will give you a house wider than it, and we will make a road like it for you, so she accepted and she did.]
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her death |
Hafsa died in Jumada al-Awwal in the year 41 AH in Medina, in the year of the group, the first caliphate of Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan, and at that time she was sixty years old. And it was said that she died in Sha’ban in the year 45 AH, and it was said in the year 47 AH, and it was said 50 AH. Marwan bin Al-Hakam, the Emir of Medina, prayed for her at that time, and she was buried in Al-Baqi’, and her brothers Abdullah, Asim, Salem, Abdullah and Hamza Banu Abdullah bin Omar descended in her grave. Al-Waqidi narrated on the authority of Ali bin Muslim on the authority of Al-Maqbari on the authority of his father, he said: I saw Marwan carried between the pillars of her bed from the house of Bani Hazm to the house of Al-Mughirah bin Shu’bah, and Abu Huraira carried her from the house of Al-Mughirah to her grave.