The biography of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him
The condition of the Arabs during the Jahiliyyah before Islam was deplorable, as many reprehensible customs and ugly customs spread among the members of society, such as the slave trade, adultery, and the inferior treatment of women. disbelief and slavery to Islam
The call went through many secret and public stages, as the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, was harmed until he emigrated from Mecca, the place of his birth, but that did not increase his peace and blessings be upon him except with persistence, so he spread the call outside Mecca and many Arab tribes converted to Islam at that time, then he passed away in Medina, leaving behind His fragrant year for the Islamic nation and great commandments for humanity
The birth of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace
The Messenger Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, the Master of the Messengers and the Seal of the Prophets, was born in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the people of Abi Talib on Monday, the twelfth of the month of Rabi’ al-Awwal, and that corresponds to the twenty-second Gregorian date of April of the year five hundred and seventy-one AD, and that was after fifty Elephant day
Fajar War
The Fajar War is one of the wars of the Arabs in the Jahiliyyah, which took place between the tribe of Kinana and the tribes of Qais Ailan
curiosity pact
A treaty or agreement established before the mission of the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, between Banu Hashim, Banu Taym, and Banu Zahra, in which they pledged to defend any oppressed in Makkah, and the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, witnessed it when he was twenty years old, and the reason for establishing the alliance was a dispute that occurred between Two men in Mecca on a trade between them
Renewal of the building of the Kaaba and the issue of arbitration
The Quraish decided to rebuild the Kaaba after its walls were cracked, and they worked to collect money to build it, and they agreed not to enter into its construction except with lawful money, and during their construction of the Kaaba they assigned each tribe to build a part of it, so each tribe collected stones separately and they built them together, and when they reached the stage of laying The Black Stone,
they differed over who had the honor of putting the Black Stone in its place, so the choice fell on the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, in arbitration between them, and then the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, asked for a robe, so he placed the stone in the middle of it and asked the heads of the disputing tribes to all hold the edges of the robe, and ordered them to lift it. Even if they brought him to his place and the messenger took him in his hand and put him in his place, and thus the dispute between them was resolved
Revelation of revelation to the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace
There were many images of revelation coming to the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, during the Prophet’s biography. In the beginning, the revelation came to the Messenger in his sleep, then in the form of a man, and then in the form of angels, as happened on the night of Isra and Mi’raj.
secret calling
The Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, began with the secret invitation that God commanded him to do, so he started by calling his family, then the closest ones, and that was without the knowledge of the Quraysh, and forty people converted to Islam at that time, including the wife of the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, Khadija bint Khuwaylid, Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq and Ali bin Abi Talib. The Messenger preached in secret for a period of three years until permission from God to proclaim it out loud
The vocal call
The call moved from the secret stage to the loud stage, and after Quraysh learned of the spread of the call, the Quraysh confronted it with all methods with threatening, harming and beating the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, but the Messenger did not care about their actions and continued to spread the call
The Messenger's exit to Taif
After the death of Mrs. Khadija bint Khuwaylid, the Prophet's wife and Abu Talib, the Prophet's uncle in Mecca, the Messenger began to spread the call outside Mecca, so he went to Taif, accompanied by Zaid bin Haritha, in the month of Shawwal of the tenth year of the mission, and he worked to spread Islam there, but they repelled him and rejected his call and threw stones at him
The suffering of the Messenger in communicating the message
The Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, suffered from the Quraysh and their harm during the call to the religion of Islam, and the polytheists were exposed to him in various forms of harm. Stones with the aim of forcing him to stop preaching. This was accompanied by mockery and ridicule of the Messenger and making false accusations against him, such as witchcraft and soothsaying. They also disbelieved him during their call to Islam
The Night of Isra and Miraj
The miracle of Isra and Mi’raj is one of the most famous miracles
that occurred with the Messenger Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him
peace, as God Almighty honored his Prophet on that night after a year of grief
and after the severe harm that the Messenger faced from the polytheists, which
is likely to have been on the night of the twenty-seventh of the month of Rajab
in the tenth year From the prophetic mission, God Almighty took His Prophet
from Makkah Al-Mukarramah to Jerusalem, riding on an animal called Al-Buraq,
accompanied by Gabriel, peace be upon him.
Harm and torture suffered by the companions
The Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, kept calling people in Mecca secretly and openly, and the Messenger was residing in Mecca under the protection of his uncle Abi Talib, but the Companions were subjected to severe torture and persecution by the Quraysh, and despite all the torment they were subjected to, they remained patient and steadfast in their religion, such as Bilal bin Rabah and Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awam, Ammar bin Yasser, and his mother, Sumayyah, may God be pleased with them all
migration to Abyssinia
made every effort to stop the spread of the Muhammadan call, and
because of the continuation of the Messenger and the Companions, may God be
pleased with them, in spreading Islam, the Quraysh began to torture the Muslims
most severely, but the divine permission came to migrate them from Mecca, with
the aim of preserving their religion and the call from loss.
The first migration to Abyssinia
Some Muslims immigrated from Makkah to Abyssinia after the torture
they were subjected to by the Quraysh in Makkah, at the suggestion of the
Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, in the fifth year of the
mission, because there is a just king who does not accept injustice against
anyone, and the number of immigrants was ten men and four women. .
The second migration to Abyssinia
The Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, suggested that the believers migrate again to Abyssinia, after the intensification of the torment of the Muslims from the Quraish, so eighty-three men and eighteen or nineteen women migrated at that time
Results of migration to Abyssinia
Among the most prominent results of the migration of Muslims to Abyssinia was the spread of the Islamic religion in a place outside Mecca, and it also helped them to preserve and adhere to their religion more and to move away from the injustice that they were suffering from in Mecca
migration to Medina
The Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, decided to
migrate from Mecca to Medina, accompanied by Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, and the
Prophet chose an opposite route so that the polytheists would not find him, and
he went down in the cave of Thawr. From God, and thus the polytheists could not
find the Messenger, and the Messenger and Abu Bakr arrived in Medina on the
12th of Rabi` al-Awwal of the first year of migration.
Building mosques in Medina Quba Mosque
After the Prophet’s migration to Medina, he ordered the construction of the Quba Mosque, and the Prophet participated in its construction. It is considered the first mosque built in Islam, and the Quba Mosque was built on the land where the Prophet’s she-camel, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, settled upon his arrival to Medina, coming from Mecca
Prophet's Mosque
The Prophet’s Mosque is the second mosque built in Islam, and it is the mosque that the Prophet Muhammad built with his companions in Medina after his migration to Medina after the construction of the Quba Mosque
Medina community
Prior to the migration of Muslims to it, the city included many groups: the Aws and Khazraj tribes, and they were called the Ansar (after the migration), as they supported the Prophet and his companions among the immigrants. Medina society in the Prophet's biography after the migration of Muslims (Ansar and Muhajireen) and Jews
Leadership of the Muslim community in Medina
The leadership of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, for the Muslim community was characterized by wisdom and accuracy, as he was keen to implement the principle of consultation with the companions in various situations, as the Messenger was known for his high morals and good dealings with people, and the Prophet’s skills in leadership appeared while he was in Medina, where he worked on brotherhood among immigrants And the Ansar, bringing them closer together, teaching them the morals and laws of Islam, and preserving the rights of the Jews through the Medina Document
Brotherhood between immigrants and supporters
The Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, established brotherhood between the immigrants and the Ansar after his migration to Medina, where the Ansar provided housing and food to the immigrants and shared their money with them in order to help them after the migration. , and between Ali and himself, may God bless him and grant him peace, and others, and the intention was to establish a social system that eliminates the differences between members of society and replaces them with new ties that change the way of life of Muslims
Summary of the events of the Prophet's biography after the migration
God Almighty entrusted the task of guiding mankind to Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and transfer it from worshiping stones and idols to monotheism and faith in God Almighty, and peace and blessings of God be upon him began to spread his message and saw many types of torment and harm from his people until he migrated to Medina, and the Messenger worked to unite and fraternize all The Muslims who were present in Medina, and the Prophet and his companions defended Islam and Muslims in many battles, such as the Great Battle of Badr, and they made many sacrifices in order to convey the message and spread the true religion to the whole world
Stages of permission to fight for Muslims
When the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, began to call, the people of Quraysh confronted him and tried to stop the call by various methods, but the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, was patient and rewarded, as God commanded him to stop hands, pardon and pardon during the Meccan call stage of the Prophet’s biography
At this stage, God Almighty authorized the migration of the Messenger and his companions from Mecca to Medina, due to the practice of the most extreme types of torment on them by the Quraysh
After the repeated assaults that Muslims faced from the polytheists, God Almighty authorized the Messenger and the believers to fight in Medina after the migration, and thus began the invasions in Islam
The Battle of Waddan or Al-Abwa
The first invasion in which the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, participated, and it took place in the second year of migration, took place between Muslims and Quraysh. regions and notify the infidels that Muslims are strong
Clan raid
It is one of the invasions led by the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, accompanied by 150 fighters. It took place in the second year of migration. Its aim was to reach the Quraysh caravan and intercept its path, in order to recover part of the Muslims’ money that was seized by the infidels of Quraysh when the Muslims migrated from Mecca. The battle ended with the signing of A truce with Bani Mulej without fighting
The Great Battle of Badr
The Great Battle of Badr took place in the second year of migration, and it is one of the most prominent events of the Prophet’s biography, and it is considered one of the largest invasions that Muslims carried out, in which Muslims defeated the Quraysh, on the seventeenth of Ramadan in the second year of migration, and its aim was to control a commercial convoy of Quraysh coming From the Levant it was led by Abu Sufyan
Battle of Uhud
It is considered the second largest invasion by the Muslims after the Battle of Badr. The invasion took place in the third year of Hijrah, that is, a year after the Battle of Badr. The Quraysh’s goal was to take revenge for the Battle of Badr and defeat the Muslims, but it ended with the steadfastness of the Muslims after the ulcers that befell them and the violation of some of the Companions of the Messenger’s orders
Red Lion Battle
It took place in the third year of migration, and it took place between the Muslims and the Quraysh. The goal was to chase the Quraysh and prevent them from returning to eliminate the Muslims in Medina and raise the morale of the Muslims after the Battle of Uhud. The battle ended with the Quraysh fleeing from the Muslims
Battle of Banu Nadir
took place in the fourth year of Hijrah, between the Muslims and the Jews of Banu Nadir, because of their breaking of the covenant with the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, and trying to kill him. Victory was the ally of the Muslims in this battle
Trench raid
took place in the fifth year, and in this battle the Muslims dug a
trench 3 km long to defend the city, and the believers defeated the polytheists
in this great battle.
Battle of Banu Qurayza
It took place in the fifth year of migration under the leadership of the Messenger, and it came with the aim of eliminating the Jews of Banu Qurayza because of their breaking of the covenant with the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and their assistance to the parties in the Battle of the Trench, and ended with the surrender of Banu Qurayza on the condition that Saad bin Muadh arbitrate among them
Hudaybiyah peace
Peace was concluded in the sixth year of migration between Muslims and Quraish, and that was after the Messenger’s departure with his companions to Mecca, heading to the Sacred House to perform the rituals of Umrah, but the Quraish prevented them from entering Mecca and gathered the crowds to repel them, so the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, decided to make peace with them, sparing bloodshed for ten years. Years, but the truce was later broken as a result of the attack of Bani Bakr from Kinana on Bani Khuza'a
Conquest Battle
It occurred in the eighth year of migration, and it came because of the Quraish’s veto of the Hudaybiyyah peace treaty, through which the Muslims were able to conquer Mecca and annex it to the Islamic state, and eliminate the worship of idols in it, and many of its people converted to the religion of Islam
Hunayn Battle
It took place after the Conquest Battle, on the thirteenth of the month of Shawwal in the eighth year of Hijra, between the tribes of Hauzan and Thaqif
Battle of Taif
It took place in the month of Shawwal of the eighth year of Hijra, between the Muslims and the Thaqif and Hawazin tribes. Its goal was to conquer Taif and pursue the Hawazin and Thaqif forces fleeing from the Battle of Hunayn in Taif. The battle ended with the lifting of the siege imposed by the Messenger on the polytheists in Taif, which lasted for forty days
Battle of Tabuk
It is the last battle that the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, invaded in the Prophet’s biography. Its goal was to fight the Romans and those who allied with them to fight the Muslims, and the Muslims were victorious in it
The death of the Prophet , may God bless him and grant him peace
The Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, died on Monday, the twelfth of Rabi’ al-Awwal of the eleventh year of migration in Medina, and the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, died at the age of sixty-three years, after an illness that afflicted him. On their authority, and he recommended prayer, so he said: “Prayer is prayer “Fear God with what your right hands possess.” And so the fragrant biography of the Prophet ended with his death, may God bless him and grant him peace