The wise leadership of the Prophet Muhammad
It has extended beyond the spiritual realms, touching the very fabric of society. One of the remarkable aspects of his early work, both before and after the migration to Medina, was the establishment of a pioneering brotherhood system among his companions. This legislative framework, which was announced at the residence of Anas bin Malik, laid the foundation for a transformative shift in the Arab societal landscape.
Brotherhood between the Emigrants and the Ansar
The essence of this system was cooperation between the immigrants from Mecca and the Ansar in Medina, which went beyond mere camaraderie. The immigrants who left their money in Mecca shared their homes, shelters, and livelihoods, and they found support
What decisive supporters. This cooperation was not limited only to immediate assistance, but was aimed at erasing traditional social divisions.
Social organization revolution:
In essence, this legislation aimed to create a social order that would eliminate traditional differences in Arab society. The Prophet's insight sought to replace old ties with new ones, which brought about a major transformation in the way of life of Muslims, distinguishing them from other Arab tribes. The Brotherhood even became a basis of inheritance, amplifying its importance beyond mere kinship.
Quranic wisdom about the Brotherhood:
The Qur’anic verse (4:33) summarizes this paradigm shift beautifully, and emphasizes the concept of common heritage and brotherhood. While the legislation initially met the needs of immigrants in the emerging Medina, it continued even after their settlement, as indicated in another Qur’anic verse (8:75).
Research on brotherhood in Islam:
Delving into the concept of brotherhood in Islam reveals its depth. Aside from linguistic definitions, Islamic brotherhood means a unified connection based on deep faith. As believers, Muslims submit to divine commands and foster a strong, cohesive bond that goes beyond family ties.
Qur’anic confirmation and prophetic guidance:
The Qur’an (49:10) explicitly acknowledges that believers are brothers, and the Prophet Muhammad repeated this fact in his sayings. Hadiths such as “A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim” emphasize the inseparable bond that defines Islamic society.
Brotherhood:
Historical accounts reveal that brotherhood between the Companions occurred twice during the reign of the Prophet Muhammad:
1. Pre-Hijra brotherhood in Mecca:
- There was a unique bond between the Companions before the migration to Medina.
One of the most prominent examples of the brotherly relationship between Zaid bin Haritha and Hamza bin Abdul Muttalib.
2. Post-Hijrah brotherhood in Medina:
- After the migration of the Prophet and the Companions, a second phase of brotherhood began, in which the lives of the Muhajireen and the Ansar (Ansar) were intertwined.
Ibn Hajar points out that the initial bond focused on mutual support and solidarity between the migrants themselves. However, a new phase of brotherhood emerged in Medina, which strengthened the ties between the Muhajirs and the Ansar.
Legislating the Brotherhood regime
When they arrived in Medina, the immigrants, despite the generosity of the Ansar, still needed a system that would guarantee them a decent livelihood. The Prophet recognized these unique circumstances and initiated the brotherhood system. This legislative move aims to prevent immigrants from feeling burdened by supporters and to promote an environment of support and equality.
Implementation of the Brotherhood:
This legislation was announced in the house of Anas bin Malik, where the Prophet paired every immigrant with an Ansari brother. 90 individuals participated in this historic moment, 45 each from immigrants and supporters, establishing a unique bond that goes beyond just the camera.
Rights between brothers:
The legislation stipulated specific rights between coupled individuals, with an emphasis on mutual assistance in all aspects of life. The concept of “comfort” has extended beyond material support to include care, advice and love. In addition, the legislation allowed brothers to inherit from each other, transcending the usual boundaries of kinship.
Cancellation of inheritance between brothers:
As conditions developed and immigrants settled in Medina, the need for a private inheritance system diminished. The Qur’anic verse (8:75) explicitly addressed this issue, highlighting the natural basis of inheritance through blood ties.
Noteworthy examples:
History records record various examples of brotherhood between the Companions, such as the brotherhood between Abu Bakr and Kharija bin Zuhair, Omar and Itban bin Malik, and others. These examples demonstrate the depth and richness of the bonds formed through the legitimate brotherhood system.