His battalion, Saad bin Abi Waqqas

 Cosmogony

 the study of the universe's origins, underwent a significant transformation with the advent of the Big Bang theory. Before the 19th century, the prevailing belief held that the universe was eternal, devoid of a beginning or an end. However, the Big Bang theory, which gained widespread acceptance in 1964 following the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, revolutionized our understanding of the universe's birth.

According to this groundbreaking theory, the universe came into existence approximately 13.8 billion years ago. Initially, it existed as an incredibly dense and hot state comprising tiny particles such as quarks, photons, and electrons. As the universe rapidly expanded, it cooled down, enabling these elementary particles to combine, forming protons, neutrons, and eventually simple atoms like helium and hydrogen. These atoms further aggregated to create vast clouds of hydrogen gas, helium, and trace amounts of lithium.

Under the influence of fundamental forces like nuclear, gravitational, and electromagnetic forces, these gas clouds underwent complex interactions, eventually giving rise to stars and galaxies. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, which refers to the residual radiation from the early universe captured after it became transparent, provided compelling evidence in support of the Big Bang theory. This radiation served as a snapshot of the universe's primordial state, reinforcing the validity of the model.

Remarkably, proponents of the idea of the scientific miracle of the Qur'an have drawn connections between the Big Bang theory and certain verses in the Qur'an describing the universe's creation. They argue that these verses align with the scientific understanding of the universe's origins and evolution.

In summary, the Big Bang theory stands as a pivotal milestone in cosmogony, explaining the universe's emergence from an intensely dense and hot state into the expansive and diverse cosmos we observe today.

The universe is not eternal  

universe was prevalent before the emergence of the Big Bang theory, which fundamentally changed our understanding of the universe's origins. According to the theory of inflation, our universe is a part of a multiverse, a vast collection of universes each with its own unique properties. In this model, our universe emerged through a process of inflation, expanding rapidly from an infinitesimal point, creating the conditions necessary for life to evolve.

Proponents of the theory of inflation argue that the precise physical laws governing our universe are finely tuned, allowing for the existence of life. For instance, slight variations in the mass of protons could disrupt the formation of atoms, stars, galaxies, and planets, making life as we know it impossible. This fine-tuning has led some to contemplate the existence of a Creator, an omniscient and omnipotent being responsible for designing the universe in such a way that life can flourish.

This perspective finds resonance with certain interpretations of religious texts, such as the verse from the Qur'an, "The Owner of the Heavens and the Earth" (Al-Baqarah: 117), suggesting a divine intelligence behind the intricacies of the universe. However, it's essential to note that these interpretations bridge the gap between scientific understanding and religious belief, offering a philosophical perspective on the origins of the universe. Scientifically, the theory of inflation remains a compelling explanation, although the ultimate origins of the universe continue to be a topic of exploration and debate among scientists and theologians alike

The separation of the heavens from the earth  

The notion of the heavens and the earth being one substance in the context of the theory of eternal inflation is an interpretation that draws a parallel with certain religious texts, including the verse from The Prophets (30): "He who disbelieved did not see that the heavens and the earth were one unit, so We separated the two, and made everything from water. ? Alive, do they not believe?"

In the theory of eternal inflation, it's suggested that our universe is just one among many universes in a vast multiverse. These universes, while distinct in their observable properties, are part of a unified cosmic fabric. From this perspective, the separation of the heavens and the earth, as mentioned in the religious text, could metaphorically align with the idea that these distinct realms were once a singular entity before being differentiated.

The mention of everything being made from water in the religious text is often interpreted metaphorically, symbolizing the essential building blocks of life. In scientific terms, water is indeed crucial for the existence of life as we know it, and the presence of water is a fundamental factor in the search for extraterrestrial life in the universe.

It's important to note that these interpretations draw connections between religious texts and scientific theories, offering a way for individuals to reconcile their faith with scientific understanding. These interpretations are not universally accepted and can vary based on individual beliefs and theological perspectives. Science and religion often explore different aspects of the human experience, and interpretations like these reflect attempts to find common ground between the two realms of understanding.

The sky is expanding  

The concept of the expanding universe, as described in the Big Bang theory and supported by Edwin Hubble's observations in 1929, aligns with the idea that distant galaxies are moving away from each other. This expansion of the universe is a fundamental aspect of modern cosmology. The redshift observed in the spectrum of distant galaxies indicates that they are receding from us, and this observation has provided substantial evidence for the expanding nature of the cosmos.

In the context of the religious text from Azhariyat (47), which states, "And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed, We are [its] expander," some interpretations suggest a parallel with the scientific concept of the expanding universe. The verse can be viewed metaphorically, symbolizing the vastness and continuous expansion of the universe, a concept that aligns with the scientific understanding of an expanding cosmos.

It's important to note that interpretations of religious texts in relation to scientific theories vary among scholars and religious communities. Some individuals find harmony between their faith and scientific understanding, seeing scientific discoveries as reflections of the divine order in the universe. Others may interpret these texts differently or hold varying beliefs about the relationship between science and religion.

cosmic smoke stage

The passage of the universe through the cosmic smoke stage, characterized by the presence of helium, hydrogen, and a small amount of lithium before the formation of stars and galaxies, can be metaphorically related to the verse from Fusailat (41:11), which states: "Then He directed Himself to the heaven while it was smoke and said to it and to the earth, 'Come into being, willingly or by compulsion.' They said, 'We have come willingly.'"

In this context, the cosmic smoke stage represents the early, primordial state of the universe before the formation of celestial bodies. It symbolizes a phase of potential and transformation, where the basic elements were present in a state of cosmic smoke. This state of smoke can be seen as a metaphor for the initial chaos and formlessness that preceded the organized structure of stars, galaxies, and planetary systems.

The verse from Fusailat can be interpreted metaphorically to depict the divine act of creation. When it mentions that God directed Himself to the smoke and said to it and to the earth to come into being, willingly or by compulsion, it symbolizes the divine command that brought order to the chaotic state of the early universe. The smoke, representing the raw materials of the cosmos, responds willingly to this command, signifying the natural progression and organization of the universe according to divine will.

Interpreting this verse in light of the cosmic smoke stage, it highlights the transformative power of the divine and the orderly evolution of the universe from a state of chaos to one of intricate and harmonious celestial structures. This interpretation emphasizes the unity between the scientific understanding of cosmic evolution and the symbolic language used in religious texts to describe the wonders of creation.Universe collapse  

Universe collapse  

The concept of the universe's eventual collapse, as described by the theory of the "Big Crunch," aligns with the idea that when the density of energy and matter in the universe exceeds a critical threshold, gravitational forces will overpower the expansion caused by negative dark energy pressure. This will lead to the universe collapsing in on itself, eventually shrinking back to a point similar to its initial state.

This notion corresponds with the verse from the Quran (21:104), which states: "The Day when We will fold the heaven like the folding of a [written] sheet for the records. As We began the first creation, We will repeat it. [That is] a promise binding upon Us. Indeed, We will do it."

In this context, the folding of the heavens can metaphorically represent the collapsing of the universe in the Big Crunch scenario. The verse suggests a cyclical nature of creation and dissolution, indicating a cosmic recurrence akin to the scientific concept of the universe collapsing back to its initial state.

The alignment between this Quranic verse and the scientific understanding of the universe's fate, as described by the Big Crunch theory, is perceived by some as a testament to the Quran's insights into the natural world. It is important to note that interpretations of religious texts and their connection to scientific theories vary among scholars and individuals, and these interpretations are subject to personal beliefs and perspectives.

Water and life   

The Quranic verse you are referring to emphasizes the significance of water, a fundamental element for life on Earth. It recognizes water as an essential medium for vital interactions within living organisms. Modern scientific understanding confirms that liquid water is indispensable for life as we know it. Even microorganisms, like bacteria, which can adapt to extreme conditions, cannot survive without water. The Quranic verse thus aligns with the established scientific knowledge about the importance of water as a prerequisite for life on our planet. This recognition of water's vital role predates the contemporary understanding of biology and demonstrates the Quran's acknowledgment of fundamental natural principles.

Excreta and blood in histopathology  

The Quranic verse you are referencing states: "And indeed, for you in livestock is a lesson. We give you drink from what is in their bellies - between excretion and blood - pure milk, palatable to drinkers." (Quran 16:66)

This verse highlights a biological process in livestock, specifically in cattle. Through scientific investigation, researchers have discovered that food is broken down in the digestive system into nutrients. These nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine's blood vessels called villi. Among the substances absorbed from the bloodstream are components that are used to produce milk in the mammary glands. The milk, therefore, contains these nutrients derived from the bloodstream, which is in line with the Quranic description of milk being produced from substances between excretion and blood. This observation reflects an accurate understanding of the biological processes involved in milk production, as recognized by modern histopathology and anatomy.

The Qur’anic verses to which it refers are as follows:

1. “Whoever God wants to guide, He opens his chest to Islam, and whoever He wants to lead astray, He makes his chest narrow and awkward, as if he were ascending into the sky. Likewise, God places abomination on those who do not believe.” (Qur’an 6:125)

2. Or like darkness in a deep sea covered by waves, above which there are waves, above which there are clouds, darknesses one upon another, so if he extends his hand he is able to do so, “you will hardly see it, and for whom God does not make light, he has no light.” (Qur’an 24:40)

Some have interpreted these verses as reflecting observable scientific phenomena in the natural world. The first verse metaphorically describes a feeling of tightness and discomfort, similar to the struggle that occurs at high altitudes where oxygen levels are lower. The second verse, according to this interpretation, describes the darkness in the depths of the sea, where sunlight cannot penetrate, and the waves and clouds above them block the light even more.

It is important to note that interpretations of religious texts, including the Quran, can vary greatly, and individuals may understand these verses in different ways. Some see these explanations as metaphorical, while others see them as direct descriptions of natural phenomena.Sea wave and another wave 

Sea wave and another wave above it  

This verse shows another aspect of the Quranic miracle, which is that the wave of the sea that everyone knows was just one wave in the seas. Another wave appeared, throwing divers into it as it throws swimmers at it, and this wave was discovered by the Scandinavian divers.

The first claim about this sea wave was documented at the end of World War II by the military submarines used by the Allies, as the sonar waves used were reflected on them, then its truth was revealed at the end of the war. twentieth century through modern research. It was mentioned by the scholar, the scholar Abd al-Majid al-Zindani, in his book on miracles (Tawheed al-Khaliq).

The nature of mountains as pegs in geology

The stake is planted in the sand to stabilize the tent, and so the mountains have penetrated with their extensions the sticky layer that lies at the bottom of the rocky layer that forms the continents, so it has become for the continents like the stake for the tent, so the stake fixes the tent with the part that is planted in the desert, and so the mountains fix the continents with the part that is planted in the sticky layer that lies beneath the rocky layer that makes up the continents.

 And this scientific fact was confirmed to scientists in the earth sciences in 1965, and they knew that the mountains had not been created like this, like pegs, the continents would have roamed (and the mountains are like pegs). 7 ( [Al-Naba ': 7], and the earth trembled and trembled under our feet, so the Qur'an reminds us of this fact by saying: {And He placed mountains on the earth, that it beside you, and rivers and paths, that you may be guided.15( [An-Nahl: 15] Making the mountains like pegs so that the earth does not support us is the best proof of its movement. If it were stationary, the mountains would have no benefit Then the word anchors that are used for ships, such as those that stabilize them when they are anchored, strengthen this meaning.

Wind, pollination and rain

"And We send the fertilizing winds, then cause rain to descend from the sky, therewith providing you with water (in abundance), though ye are not the guardians of its stores." (Quran 15:22)

This verse is often interpreted to align with certain aspects of modern scientific understanding. The reference to "fertilizing winds" can be seen as a metaphorical description of wind pollination, a process where the wind carries pollen grains from male to female parts of plants, aiding in fertilization and the formation of fruits.

Additionally, the verse alludes to the role of winds in stirring clouds and providing the necessary moisture for condensation. Winds can indeed carry moisture over vast distances, contributing to cloud formation. As the moist air rises and cools, water vapor condenses into water droplets, which, when they reach a critical mass, fall as rain.

This interpretation suggests a connection between the wind's role in pollination, cloud formation, and subsequently, rainfall, reflecting a harmony between natural processes described in the Quran and observed phenomena in the natural world.

Earth's rotation around itself   

The Qur'an states: one88( [Al-Naml: 88], which indicates that the mountains rotate quickly like clouds, but the person sees them as fixed and stable, and there is a difference in the meaning of the verse, as Ibn Uthaymeen said that the verse speaks of the Day of Resurrection and not in this world.

shooting star   

The Quranic verse you mentioned, "By the sky and the Tariq, And what do you know what Tariq is? It is the piercing star," (Al-Tariq: 1-3), is often interpreted by believers as a reference to pulsating or pulsar stars. Pulsars are highly magnetized, rotating neutron stars that emit beams of electromagnetic radiation out of their magnetic poles. These beams of radiation can be observed as pulses of light when they are oriented towards the Earth, hence the name "pulsars." Pulsars are formed from the remnants of massive stars that have undergone supernova explosions.

Your description of the pulsar aligns with scientific understanding. Pulsars rotate at incredibly fast speeds, and their emissions are highly focused, making them appear as piercing or pulsating stars. The intense radiation they emit can indeed have significant impacts on surrounding cosmic bodies.

It's important to note that interpretations of religious texts can vary widely among scholars and believers. Some may see correlations between scientific discoveries and religious texts, while others might interpret these texts differently. The intersection of science and faith is a complex and nuanced topic, with interpretations depending on individual beliefs and perspectives.

Corruption in the environment   

The Quranic verse you mentioned, "Corruption has appeared throughout the land and sea by [reason of] what the hands of people have earned so He may let them taste part of [the consequence of] what they have done that perhaps they will return [to righteousness]," (Ar-Rum: 41), speaks to the environmental degradation caused by human actions. It highlights the consequences of human activities on the Earth and the need for people to reflect on their actions and work towards restoring balance to the environment.

This verse reflects the recognition of the Quran regarding the ecological balance of the Earth and emphasizes human responsibility in maintaining this balance. It acknowledges that environmental corruption is a result of human actions and serves as a reminder for individuals to reconsider their behavior and its impact on the planet. The verse suggests the possibility of redemption through returning to righteousness and adopting sustainable practices to heal the Earth from the damage caused by human activities.

spider   

The Quranic verse you mentioned, "The likeness of those who take guardians besides God is like a spider that makes itself a home, and the weakest of homes is the house of the spider, if they only knew," (Ankabut: 41), uses the analogy of a spider's web to convey a deeper meaning about reliance on things other than God. In this analogy, the spider's web represents a fragile and weak refuge, despite its appearance of complexity and intricacy.

Modern science has provided insights into this analogy by revealing that female spiders are the ones responsible for building the web, utilizing a special spinning mechanism located at the end of their abdomen. The male spider tends to avoid the web after fertilizing the female, as entering it might lead to his demise. The web, while appearing delicate, serves as a trap to capture prey, demonstrating its deceptive nature.

The Quranic analogy highlights the frailty of relying on anything other than God. Just as the spider's web might seem like a safe haven, it is ultimately fragile and unreliable. The verse serves as a reminder for individuals to place their trust in God rather than relying on transient and fragile supports, symbolized by the delicate structure of a spider's web.

crow   

The Quranic verse you mentioned, "To this crow, to cover my brother's head, he has become one of those who regret it," (Al-Ma'idah: 31), refers to the story of Cain and Abel, where a crow teaches Cain how to bury the body of his dead brother. This verse illustrates the crow's intelligence and problem-solving abilities.

Scientific studies have indeed confirmed the exceptional intelligence of crows. They have relatively large brain sizes, especially in proportion to their body size, among all known birds. Crows are known for their remarkable problem-solving skills, which include using tools and even understanding cause and effect relationships. Their ability to adapt to various situations and learn from experience demonstrates their high level of intelligence.

Additionally, studies on crow behavior have revealed complex social structures within crow communities. They engage in court-like gatherings where individuals who violate group norms are prosecuted, and each offense within the crow community is met with specific forms of punishment. These observations further emphasize the sophisticated social and cognitive abilities of crows, aligning with the Quranic depiction of the crow's cleverness.

Botany   

The Quranic verse you mentioned, "Glory be to Him who created Husbands are all of what the earth grows and of themselves and of what they do not know" (Yasin: 36), is often interpreted as a reference to the diversity of living beings, including plants. While ancient people might not have fully understood the complexities of plant biology, modern botanical science has indeed revealed the intricate details of plant structure and reproduction.

Modern botany has uncovered the gendered aspects of many plant species, where plants can be either male or female. Some plants have separate male and female reproductive organs, while others have both male and female parts within the same flower. The study of plant anatomy and reproduction has illuminated the diverse ways in which plants reproduce, including processes like pollination, fertilization, and seed formation.

Moreover, the Quranic reference to a balanced composition in plants, "A balanced" (Al-Hijr: 19), can be understood in the context of the essential elements plants require for growth. Plants absorb specific nutrients from the soil, including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and various minerals. The balanced composition of these elements is crucial for the healthy growth and development of plants, emphasizing the importance of equilibrium in the natural world.

In summary, while ancient knowledge about plant biology was limited, modern botanical science has provided detailed insights into the gendered nature of plants and the balanced composition necessary for their growth, aligning with the Quranic references you mentioned.

Superposition in seeds and fruits in plants and the green dye   

In the past, people did not know how the seeds and fruits are formed in the plant, just as they were ignorant of how the different parts of the plant are formed, and scientists started studying botany and how the plant forms its grains and fruits. Where they found that in the plant there are small green plants - chloroplasts - that give the plant its green color and from which the nutrients that make up the grains, fruits, and other parts of it come out. After watering it with water, the plant emerges from the seeds in the ground. 

These green plants are the first to emerge from the seed when it begins to grow, and as the verse in the Qur’an says: C of it overlapping grains, and of the date palms, from their tops, close cannulas, and gardens of grapes, olives, and pomegranates suspected. Look at its fruit when it bears fruit and its ripeness. Indeed, in that are signs for people who believe. The pigment known as chlorophyll, not about the plant.

The positions of stars in astrophysics are not what you see   

The advancement of astrophysical sciences has revealed the vast distances between stars, distances so immense that they are beyond human comprehension. When we look up at the night sky, we see stars that might have ceased to exist millions of years ago. This understanding emerged in the early 20th century when astronomical observations indicated the true distances between celestial bodies.

The verse you refer to, "I do not swear by the positions of the stars" (Al-Waqi'ah: 75-76), is often interpreted as a recognition of the vastness and complexity of the universe. It signifies that the positions of stars, their distances, and their movements are beyond the ordinary understanding of humans. This Quranic verse aligns with the scientific revelation that what we see in the night sky is not a current representation of the stars' positions but a glimpse into their ancient past, highlighting the depth of space and time, a concept that was not fully appreciated until the advancement of modern astronomy.

The hail from above is like mountains in cumulonimbus clouds   

The verse you are referring to, "Have you not seen that Allah drives the clouds, then gathers them and makes them layers, and you see the rain emerge from within them? And He sends down from the sky, mountains [of clouds] within which is hail, and He strikes with it whom He wills and averts it from whom He wills. The flash of its lightning almost takes away the eyesight" (An-Nur: 43), is often interpreted as a description of the natural processes involved in cloud formation and precipitation.

Indeed, cumulonimbus clouds, which can reach heights of fifteen kilometers or more, appear like tall mountains, especially when viewed from a distance. These clouds have the vertical development necessary for hail formation. The verse captures the stages of cumulus cloud formation, including the gathering of clouds, their layering, and the emergence of rain from within them. Additionally, it mentions the presence of hail within these cloud formations.

This description aligns with the scientific understanding of how cumulonimbus clouds generate hail. The verse's reference to Allah's control over the process, striking with hail whom He wills and averting it from whom He wills, symbolizes the natural variability and unpredictability of weather patterns, emphasizing the awe-inspiring power of nature. This alignment between the verse and the scientific processes demonstrates the depth of observation present in the Quranic text.

Nebulae and their composition in the extragalactic sphere   

The verse you are referring to, "And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed, We are [its] expander" (Adh-Dhariyat: 47), is often interpreted as a reference to the vastness and organized structure of the universe. In this verse, there are indeed scientific and metaphorical aspects that can be explored.

Scientifically, the concept of the universe's expansion is a well-established cosmological theory supported by extensive observational evidence. Scientists have observed that galaxies in the universe are moving away from each other, indicating that the universe is expanding. This expansion is not just a movement of galaxies within space but a stretching of the space itself, causing the distances between galaxies to increase over time. The verse aligns metaphorically with this scientific concept, emphasizing the vastness of the universe and its organized, structured nature.

Metaphorically, the verse can also be seen as a reflection of the continuous growth and expansion of knowledge and understanding in the realm of astrophysics. As humanity delves deeper into the study of extragalactic phenomena, such as nebulae and galaxies, we gain a better comprehension of the universe's complexity and vastness. The verse serves as a metaphorical reflection of this ongoing exploration, highlighting the limitless expansion of human knowledge and the universe itself.

In this way, the verse from the Quran can be interpreted to encompass both the scientific understanding of the universe's expansion and the metaphorical representation of humanity's continuous exploration and discovery in the field of astronomy.

Gravitational forces between stars and planets   

The passage you mentioned from the Quran, "Allah is the one who raised the heavens without pillars that you can see..." (Al-Ra'd: 2), is often interpreted metaphorically, emphasizing the divine power behind the creation and maintenance of the universe. While the Quranic verse uses metaphorical language, it can be related to the scientific understanding of gravitational forces that govern celestial bodies in the universe.

In the realm of astrophysics, gravitational forces play a crucial role in shaping the structure of the universe. Every massive object, from stars and planets to galaxies and galaxy clusters, exerts gravitational force. This force pulls objects toward one another, holding celestial bodies in their orbits and shaping the large-scale structure of the universe.

Indeed, without the gravitational force, the universe as we know it would not exist. Galaxies would not hold together, planets would not orbit stars, and the intricate web of cosmic structures would collapse. Gravitational forces act as the invisible bonds that maintain the order and stability of celestial bodies in the vast cosmic expanse.

The concept of gravitational forces aligns with the metaphorical representation in the Quran, emphasizing the unseen forces that govern the heavens and the celestial bodies. While the Quranic verse speaks in metaphorical terms, it resonates with the scientific understanding of the fundamental          forces that shape the universe, including the crucial role of gravitational forces in maintaining 

cosmic balance and structure.

The height of the sky and the flatness of the earth  

The Quranic verse you mentioned, "And the earth after that He spread it out" (Al-Nazi'at: 30), is often interpreted metaphorically. While the verse uses the term "spread out," it does not refer to the shape of the Earth in the way we understand it scientifically.

In the context of the Quranic language and the interpretations provided by scholars, the phrase "spread out" signifies God's creation and preparation of the Earth to be a suitable habitat for living beings, including humans and plants. It is not a literal description of the Earth's shape or flatness. The verse is metaphorical and conveys the idea of the Earth being a habitable and hospitable place for life.

Scientifically, the Earth is an oblate spheroid, meaning it is mostly spherical but slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator due to its rotation. The Quranic verse does not provide specific details about the Earth's shape or structure as understood in modern science.

It's important to note that Quranic verses are often open to interpretation, and different scholars and readers may have varying interpretations based on linguistic, historical, and cultural contexts. Scientific understanding and religious interpretations can coexist, and many religious believers see scientific discoveries as revelations of God's creation.

moon phases   

The Quranic verses you have mentioned describe the moon's phases and its movement in known locations. The verse "And the moon We measured it in mansions until it returned like the old lame" (Yasin: 39) refers to the changing phases of the moon, from a crescent to a full moon and back, in a predictable pattern over the course of a month. The moon's phases are a result of its position relative to the Earth and the Sun, causing varying amounts of its illuminated half to be visible from Earth.

In the verse "And He placed the moon in them as a light, and He made the sun a lamp" (Noah: 16), the Quran distinguishes between the light of the moon and the sun. Scientifically, it is understood that the sun emits light due to nuclear fusion processes happening within it, making it a glowing lamp in the sky. The moon, on the other hand, does not produce its own light; it reflects the light from the sun. This reflection of sunlight is what makes the moon visible to us on Earth. The Quranic verses accurately describe this phenomenon, making a clear distinction between the sun as a source of light and the moon as a reflective body, aligning with modern scientific understanding.

Sun run   

The Quranic verse in Surat Al-Hadid (57:25) states: "We sent down iron, in it is great strength and benefits for people." This verse is often interpreted as a reference to the fact that iron came to Earth from outer space, likely in the form of meteorites. This idea aligns with scientific understanding because iron, in its pure form, is not naturally found on the Earth's surface. Instead, it is believed that iron, along with other heavy elements, was formed in the cores of stars through nuclear fusion processes and was later scattered across the universe, eventually reaching Earth through celestial events like meteorite impacts.

Regarding the verse in Surat Yasin (36:38), "And the sun runs to a station for it. This is the predestination of the Mighty, the All-Knowing," it metaphorically describes the apparent movement of the sun across the sky as observed from Earth. In the past, there was a misconception that the sun was fixed, and everything revolved around it. Modern science has shown that the sun is not stationary but is in motion within our galaxy, the Milky Way, and it orbits around the center of the galaxy along with other stars. Therefore, the Quranic verse aligns with the modern understanding of the sun's motion within the galaxy.

Embryology and childbirth   

The Quranic verses you have referred to in Surat Al-Tariq, Surat Al-Hajj, and Surah Al-Mu'minun are often cited in discussions related to embryology. These verses describe the stages of human development from a drop of fluid to a formed and unformed embryo, and eventually, the creation of bones and clothing them with flesh. Let's explore the scientific aspects of these verses based on contemporary understanding of embryology:

1. **Surat Al-Tariq (Surah 86:6-7)**: "He was created from gushing water, coming out from between the lobules and the ribs."

   In embryology, it is well-known that the male reproductive fluid, semen, contains sperm cells. The reference to "gushing water" aligns metaphorically with the concept of seminal fluid. However, the specific mention of "coming out from between the lobules and the ribs" isn't directly related to embryology as understood in modern science.

2. **Surat Al-Hajj (Surah 22:5)**: "O people, if you are in doubt about the resurrection, then We created you from dust, then from a sperm, then from an embryo, formed and unformed..."

   This verse illustrates the stages of human development, starting from a drop of fluid (sperm) to an embryo. The mention of "formed and unformed" could be interpreted as the initial stages of embryonic development when the embryo undergoes various transformations before acquiring its final human form. The description aligns with the general sequence of human embryonic development.

3. **Surah Al-Mu'minun (Surah 23:14)**: "Then We made the sperm into a clot, then We made the clot a lump of flesh, then We made the lump of bone, then We clothed the bones. Then We created him as another creation..."

   This verse outlines the stages of embryonic development, including the transformation from sperm to a clot (zygote), then to a lump of flesh (embryo), and the subsequent development of bones, muscles, and organs. The mention of "clothing the bones" likely refers to the formation of muscles and other tissues around the skeletal structure.

It's important to note that while these verses are often cited in discussions about embryology, interpretations may vary, and these explanations represent one perspective. Scientific understanding of embryology has evolved significantly since these verses were written, and interpretations should be approached with consideration for both religious and scientific contexts.

Prohibition of dead meat, blood and pork   

The prohibition of pork consumption in Islam, as mentioned in the Qur'an, is followed by religious people as an act of obedience to God without questioning the reasons behind it. In modern times, scientists have found substantial scientific evidence regarding diseases present in pork meat. This scientific knowledge supports the Qur'anic prohibition and provides a rationale for abstaining from pork consumption.

Some people may question why precautions, such as raising pigs in healthy and clean environments or implementing measures to detect and destroy infected meat, are not taken. While these methods might be feasible in specific situations, it is not always practical or possible to implement them universally. Additionally, avoiding potential health risks and preventing fatalities are fundamental considerations that outweigh the desire to consume pork.

In summary, the religious prohibition on pork aligns with scientific evidence regarding the potential health risks associated with its consumption. Religious adherence, coupled with scientific knowledge, supports the decision to avoid pork consumption in various cultures and communities.